Example of a Reaction Paper

Case of a Reaction Paper Case of a Reaction Paper Case of a Reaction Paper: Lets Use the Internet If you have an undertaking to compose a response paper however don't have the foggiest idea how to do it, try not to be disturbed. This article will assist you with taking care of your concern. A case of a response paper is the arrangement! On the off chance that you don't have the foggiest idea how to compose your response paper, you may utilize a case of a response paper. Where would you be able to discover it? You should look in the Internet. You may discover an assortment of free scholastic papers there, specifically extraordinary response papers. You may solicit How may a model from a response paper from the Internet be valuable for me in the event that I won't counterfeit? It will help you without question, in reality, on the off chance that you don't have the foggiest idea what to start your paper with or, for example, how to sort out your contemplations. In addition, one should pressure that you may make your benefit without cop ying. Case of a response paper: valuable assistance So, how may a case of a response paper be useful for you? You may get a ton of helpful data when perusing on the web response papers in the Internet. For example, you may:study the principle characteristics of the structure of response papers (what parts a response paper should comprise of, what sort of data each part ought to contain, how a paper passages ought to be composed); locate some fascinating thoughts regarding the topic of your conversation (for instance, in the event that you don't have the foggiest idea what book or film you ought to compose your response paper about); discover how a proposition articulation is detailed and how it is referenced in a response paper; study the jargon of response papers: what words and word-blends are generally utilized in such papers, what individual types of action words are utilized. All things considered, as you see the Internet case of response papers (that is online response papers that you may use for instance in your composition) might be of incredible use for you. You may utilize these papers without stealing. Proficient assistance Anyway, on the off chance that you can't adapt to your response paper for certain reasons, you are free to get in touch with us! Our expert journalists whom we help out will have the option to give you help recorded as a hard copy of any of your task papers as quickly as time permits. The main thing you ought to do is to put in your request on our site!

Educational Leadership Strategy and Collaboration †MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Talk about the Educational Leadership for Strategy and Collaboration. Answer: Presentation Regular exercises require some type of association or pre-arranged obligations to be practiced. The achievement of venture relies upon all around determined techniques. In a business set up, chiefs and supervisors can't hazard carrying on of drive since this may imperil the business(Adner, 2012). At the point when all components are held consistent, the choices made are to guarantee set destinations are accomplished. This doesn't preclude the chance of an outcome happening in this manner provoking the administration to create various systems. It is important to comprehend arranging forms, which incorporate conscious methodology, gradual system, and developing procedure since they are utilized to make sure about the goals of a foundation. The purposeful system is a formal vital arranging process. It is levelheaded since it assesses key decisions, options and current position investigation. It includes other arranging methods like SWOT analysis(Betts, 2014, p. 45). The conscious procedure is, in this way, the outline that conventional organizations need to plainly show how they would accomplish their targets. The steady technique includes rolling out little improvements slowly after some time to a previously existing system. It is planned for keeping the substance above water and deals with the little authoritative and natural changes the association is working in. Developing system is a pressing arrangement utilized in light of unanticipated circumstance requesting a quick action(Steiner, 2014). Associations may grow new techniques to react to surprising chances. These systems might not have been caught in the underlying conventional arrangement. A system is a model of sorted out exercises particularly in an association that has been intended to accomplish some given destinations. A few techniques could be present moment or long haul. Key designs for organizations could be covering at least ten years later (Steiner, 2015). A few researchers have characterized technique as an example of exercises adjusted to associations' tasks, extension and assets that look to accomplish given destinations (Dransfield Needham, 2014, p. 77) Johnson and Scholes have acquired another perspective on system advancement as they have widened it in three unique manners. In their methodology, they have utilized the utilization of the term technique focal points to depict system improvement. In their words, methodology is seen as an encounter, a structure and thoughts (Whittington, et al., 2013, p. 88) The encounters got in the past are taken as the guide for the tentative arrangements since the past disappointments and victories will impact the future systems. Associations choices will be controlled by their past encounters of the senior administration. In this focal point, priority set will impact the future choices (Freedman, 2013). Examination of the present condition of activity has little impact over choices made. This technique depends intensely on presumptions in thinking of methodologies. It is controlled by the senior administration who adhere to the way of life of the substance. System as structure This methodology sees system improvement as a plan. It states that procedure advancement is a coherent procedure. The chances and requirements of an element are painstakingly decided through diagnostic and evaluative strategies for example the SWOT examination. Subsequent to considering the powers that impact the association, a vital arrangement is built up (Jackson, 2014, p. 56) This point of view thinks about technique as a deliberately considered arrangement, a consequence of legitimate and diagnostic arranging. The methodology is in this way arranged at the senior administrative level at that point stream down to the lower various leveled levels, after which it is executed. Seen in its totality, it is like the conscious arranging process. This focal point, proposes that systems ought to be built up in the wake of assessing the accessible assets, the earth of activity visa viz the targets of the element. This plan is led by the top administration in the association. This focal point sees procedure improvement as development and a consequence of the assorted variety of thoughts. This methodology stresses the requirement for advancing decent variety in associations. This will to a great extent lead to an age of new and differing thoughts. This view is crucial since the individuals associated with the everyday running of the association will have a chance to table their ideas(Ngeleza, 2012). This captures the view that new thoughts are not frequently produced by the senior administration. Since individuals who do their occupations consistently address difficulties in their line of obligation, the dynamism in nature is best comprehended by them. They are of help in concocting unique thoughts that will help manage their prompt obligations. This methodology depends on radical new thoughts that originate from individuals who bear obligation in the association. They all vie for the help of the administration, this makes people think of all around considered thoughts that will win the certainty of the administrative staff who will at long last observe it implemented(Steiner, 2015). System as a talk This focal point sees system regarding correspondence. The language is viewed as an asset utilized by officials to shape vital examination to their own perspectives. It empowers directors to create and support the force that sets up their authenticity. In this, they gain impact. Sort of arranging has its own inadequacies. As indicated by Steiner, (2015), this plan is erroneous as top-level administration are not in contact with the every day improvements. The general scene of business and the earth of activity is dynamic. Though it might fill in as to alert against misfortunes dependent on supervisors past encounters, there are chances that changes which happen frequently in the business condition may have slipped their consideration. Adhering to this system may appalling. Improvements that require the exceptional change in procedures may stay unaddressed since the association isn't adaptable to suit new methodologies. This model, accordingly, makes the administration to be unbending and traditionalist. The choices are made with little reference to assessing the present business condition and breaking down the company's, assets. Technique as experience is implanted with the danger of neglecting to act and modify as indicated by ecological changes since systems depend on past encounters. Taking into account methodology as thoughts, everybody in the association has a chance to air his thoughts, if supervisors have their preferred partners; the association may handily be influenced in a given way of thinking. This can drawback the association particularly if the equivalent has originated from one who isn't expertly prepared in the given field of concern. Incomparability fights can be pursued between representatives as everybody would campaign for their preferred hypothesis to win the administrative certainty. This will influence the solidarity of the association (Dransfield, 2012) A few thoughts that rise up out of the propagators might not have the sufficient academic back up as some might be restricted to an organization's activity. This makes it hard for a definitive logical examination. It might bring about experimentation of thoughts. Technique as a plan is an inflexible procedure to very much organized progressive associations. In substances where the ranking directors don't offer guidelines to workers, this structure won't accomplish the set goals, given that the official creates and tail it to its usage. End Associations are dynamic elements. Studies show that organizations that arrangement are more fruitful than those that dont plan. Comparable to the three focal points of technique improvement, for the administration to understand the set destinations, an obvious model must be built up. The example of exercises adjusted to associations assets and tasks is essential. Techniques center the associations to look forward as it gives guidance. It is apparent that no single system will ensure achievement. It is reasonable for associations to mix the three key focal points in creating plans. System as a plan, when all around considered and executed should shape the foundation of our techniques as we utilize different models to mix and concoct a super procedure. References Adner, R., 2012. The Wide Lenses: A New Strategy for Innovation. New York: Penguin. Betts, R. K., 2014. Focal points and Landmarks. Princeton: Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs, Princeton University. Dransfield, R., 2012. Corporate Strategy. Chicago: Heinemann. Dransfield, R. Needham, D., 2014. Business Studies. Fourth ed. New York: Penguin. Freedman, L., 2013. System: A History. Joined Kingdom: Oxford University Press. Jackson, D., 2014. Basic to vital administration. UK: Palgrave Macmillan. Ngeleza, B., 2012. A Critique Of Prescriptive Views In Strategic Management. Research Gate, IV(10), pp. 1-2. Steiner, G. A., 2014. Key Planning. New York: Simon and Schuster. Steiner, G. A., 2015. Fundamentals of Strategic Planning. New York: Simon and Schuster. Whittington, R., Johnson, G. Kevan, S., 2013. Instructive Leadership: Context, Strategy, and Collaboration. New York: CRC Press.

The 2 Primary Symptoms of OCD

The 2 Primary Symptoms of OCD OCD Symptoms and Diagnosis Print The Basics of OCD The Basics of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) Explained By Owen Kelly, PhD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 05, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on April 15, 2019 mother image / Getty Images More in OCD Symptoms and Diagnosis Causes Treatment Types Living With OCD Related Conditions Youve probably heard people jokingly proclaim themselves OCD as they straighten an askew picture on the wall or wipe their shopping cart handle down with antibacterial wipes, but are they just perfectionists or do they really have OCD? How common is obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)? What factors lead to a diagnosis?   What Is Obsessive Compulsive Disorder? Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is an anxiety disorder characterized by two core symptomsâ€"obsessions and compulsions. Obsessions are thoughts, images, or ideas that wont go away, are unwanted, and cause extreme distress. For example, you might worry constantly about becoming contaminated with a deadly disease; that you will do something terrible, like scream out an obscenity at a funeral; or that something horrible will happen to a loved one. Other common obsessions include repeated doubts, such as believing you may hit someone with your car; a need for order; aggressive or disturbing ideas such as thoughts of murdering your partner or child; and disturbing sexual and religious imagery. Compulsions are behaviors that you feel you must carry out over and over. For instance, if youre obsessed with contamination, you might wash your hands over and over again. Other common compulsions include cleaning, counting, checking, requesting or demanding reassurance, and ensuring order and symmetry. Diagnosis of OCD OCD cannot be  diagnosed  using a blood test, though a blood test may be used to rule out physical problems that could be causing symptoms.OCD is ultimately diagnosed based on the frequency, severity, and nature of  symptoms  using the clinical judgment of  qualified mental health professionals. Obsessions and compulsions are usually continual and long-lasting and may negatively affect relationships, work, school, and other areas of life. People with OCD may spend an hour or more a day either thinking about their obsession or engaging in behaviors that temporarily relieve the anxiety caused by their obsession, (i.e., scrubbing their hands until theyre raw because they feel dirty). However, it is possible to have only the obsessions or only the compulsions and still be diagnosed with OCD. The key component of a diagnosis is that the OCD is interfering with your quality of life. Causes of OCD OCD affects about 1.2% of adults and is sometimes diagnosed in childhood. There is no difference in the rate of OCD among men and women. People of all cultures and ethnicity are affected. No one knows exactly what causes obsessive-compulsive disorder, though there is evidence of a genetic component. If a parent, sibling, or child is diagnosed with OCD, there is a higher risk of developing the disorder, especially if the relative was diagnosed as a child or teenager. There is also evidence that certain parts of the brain simply do not function correctly. Research on genetics and brain abnormalities is ongoing.   Treatment of OCD OCD is not curable, but it responds to treatment with medication, particularly a class of antidepressants known as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI), as well as psychotherapy. Exposure therapy may be particularly helpful to people whose OCD significantly impacts their quality of life. Many people with OCD find that they get the best result by combining medical and psychological treatment. The 9 Best Online Therapy Programs

How to Conjugate the Verb Entrare in Italian

Entrare has several definitions, including: To enterTo go inTo become a member (of)To fit What to Know About â€Å"Entrare† It’s a regular first-conjugation verb, so it follows the typical -are verb ending pattern.It’s an intransitive verb, which does not take a direct object.The infinito is â€Å"entrare†.The participio passato is â€Å"entrato†.The gerund form is â€Å"entrando†.The past gerund form is â€Å"essendo entrato†. Indicativo/Indicative Il presente io entro noi entriamo tu entri voi entrate lui, lei, Lei entra essi, Loro entrano Ad Esempio A partire da ora, lei entra a far parte della nostra famiglia. Starting from now, she’s a member of our family. Il passato prossimo io sono entrato/a noi siamo entrati/e tu sei entrato/a voi siete entrati/e lui, lei, Lei à ¨ entrato/a essi, Loro sono entrati/e Ad Esempio È appena entrato in casa. He just went into his house. L’imperfetto io entravo noi entravamo tu entravi voi entravate lui, lei, Lei entrava essi, Loro entravano Ad Esempio La grammatica russa non mi entrava in testa. Russian grammar didn’t go into my head (didn’t understand it). Il trapassato prossimo io ero entrato/a noi eravamo entrati/e tu eri entrato/a voi eravate entrati/e lui, lei, Lei era entrato/a essi, Loro erano entrati/e Ad Esempio Eravamo entrati nel bosco intorno alle sette di sera. We had entered the forest at around seven in the evening. Il passato remoto io entrai noi entrammo tu entrasti voi entraste lui, lei, Lei entrà ² essi, Loro entrarono Ad Esempio L’Italia entrà ² in guerra nel 1940.  Italy entered in war in 1940. Il trapassato remoto io fui entrato/a noi fummo entrati/e tu fosti entrato/a voi foste entrati/e lui, lei, Lei fu entrato/a essi, Loro furono entrati/e Tip: This tense is rarely used, so don’t worry too much about mastering it. You’ll find it in very sophisticated writing. Il futuro semplice io entrerà ² noi entreremo tu entrerai voi entrerete lui, lei, Lei entrerà   essi, Loro entreranno Ad Esempio Quando avrà ² diciotto anni, entrerà ² nell’esercito. When I’m 18 years old, I will enter the army. Il futuro anteriore io sarà ² entrato/a noi saremo entrati/e tu sarai entrato/a voi sarete entrati/e lui, lei, Lei sarà   entrato/a essi, Loro saranno entrati/e Ad Esempio Saranno già   entrati al cinema. They must have entered the movie theater already. Congiuntivo/Subjunctive Il presente che io entri che noi entriamo che tu entri che voi entriate che lui, lei, Lei entri che essi, Loro entrino Ad Esempio Penso che entri dall’altra parte dell’edificio. I think you enter on the other side of the building. Il passato io sia entrato/a noi siamo entrati/e tu sia entrato/a voi siate entrati/e lui, lei, Lei sia entrato/a essi, Loro siano entrati/e Ad Esempio Crediamo che siano entrati dalla finestra. We believe they got in through the window. L’imperfetto io entrassi noi entrassimo tu entrassi voi entraste lui, lei, Lei entrasse essi, Loro entrassero Ad Esempio Speravamo che lei entrasse nella nostra famiglia, ma lei e mio fratello si sono lasciati. We hoped that she would become a part of our family, but her and my brother broke up. Il trapassato prossimo io fossi entrato/a noi fossimo entrati/e tu fossi entrato/a voi foste entrati/e lui, lei, Lei fosse entrato/a essi, Loro fossero entrati/e Ad Esempio Pensavo fosse entrato un topo in cucina. I thought a mouse had gotten into the kitchen. Condizionale/Conditional Il presente io entrerei noi entreremmo tu entreresti voi entrereste lui, lei, Lei entrerebbe essi, Loro entrerebbero Ad Esempio Non entrerei in quell’edificio, à ¨ inquietante. I wouldn’t go into that building, it’s creepy. Il passato io sarei entrato/a noi saremmo entrati/e tu saresti entrato/a voi sareste entrati/e lui, lei, Lei sarebbe entrato/a essi, Loro sarebbero entrati/e Ad Esempio Pensi che un ladro sarebbe entrato nel mio negozio? Ne dubito. Do you think a thief  would have broken into my store? I doubt it.

Informative Speech on Human Trafficking Essay - 694 Words

Specific purpose: To inform my audience about human trafficking. Central idea: To make people aware of the seriousness of human trafficking. Introduction I. Imagine yourself leaving for a trip that you have been looking forward to. A. You are all packed, on the plane, and then arrive at you destination. B. After settling in you go exploring the area. II. At this point, you are kidnapped A. You cannot do anything to protect yourself or to escape, you are forced to strip, and have your body sold. You are now an object, not a person. B. Human Trafficking is a horrible crime that must be stopped. Body I. What is Human Trafficking? A. Mark Lagon, CEO of the†¦show more content†¦A. People who are trafficked for sex feel completely helpless, and the horror they have to go through is not fully acknowledge. 1. You may wonder what exactly happens to these people. 2. After the terror of being kidnapped, or tricked, all the girls are abused and forced to make money with their bodies 3. They are raped and beaten repeatedly. B. Brain washing is a tactic used often in this business. 1. The men scare the girls so badly, they will listen to almost anything they say, just so they or their families do not get harmed. C. One woman tells how her and two other girls try to escape. 1. Factory guards caught them and dragged them back to camp. 2. They were punished as an example by being tried up to poles with no food or water for days. 3. They were also punished by having their hair shaved off. IV. There are two things being done about this issue today. A. The U.S. government has made laws against slavery as well as developing a list of goods that the U.S. Department of Labors has reasons to think are produced through forced labor. 1. Police officers also look around their areas for signs of prostitution and slavery. 2. Chip Burrus, FBI Deputy Assistant Director states that â€Å"these predators are adept to reading children and knowing there vulnerabilities. 3. Other than the government doing what they’re doing and the support groups, not much is going on to stop thisShow MoreRelatedInformative Speech On Human Trafficking1173 Words   |  5 PagesHuman trafficking in modern day America and the rest of the world is higher than it’s ever had been before. Today there are twenty-one million people who are in human trafficking under forced labor, forced prostitution, several forms of state-enforced labor all across the world spanning the six habitable continents. This is a global issue that needs to be addressed properly and be known and spoken to for the general public. In Noy Thrupkaew’s Ted talk entitled â€Å"Human trafficking is all around youRead MoreSlavery And The Civil War Essay1963 Words   |  8 Pageswas solved. Starvation still exists, as does poverty, racism, war, segregation, injustice within government systems, and yes, even slavery. Human trafficking is modern day slavery and it exists everywhere wi th two different categories: sex exploitation and labor exploitation. Human trafficking is not new, but what recently developed is the volume of trafficking taking place and how little we know about it. How can a problem, so monstrous and so widespread, continue with most societies being unawareRead MoreThe Common Relations Of Slavery And The Civil War Essay1988 Words   |  8 Pagescompletely solved. Starvation still exists, as does poverty, racism, war, segregation, injustice within government systems, and yes, even slavery. Human trafficking is modern day slavery, and it exists everywhere with two different categories: sex exploitation and labor exploitation. Human trafficking is not new, but what is new is the volume of trafficking taking place, and how little we know about it. How can a problem, so monstrous and so widespread continue with most society being unaware of itsRead MoreViolence Is Defined By Behavior Involving Physical Force1379 Words   |  6 Pagesis a problem i n the way human beings understand of the concept of violence. Many people believe that violence is directly linked with war..but in reality it exists in hundreds of forms. Some examples include kidnappings, domestic abuse, bullying, abandonment, slavery, trafficking, and the list goes on. Such brutishness happens in homes, schools, workplaces, institutions, in the community or even very commonly in the streets. Us humans have been given the freedom of speech, freedom to express ourRead More The Virtues of Apathy Essay3588 Words   |  15 Pagesso as to defamiliarize them both. Crying and vomiting, love making and dying, and beauty and sickness are paired together and stressed in his novel Blue of Noon. Bataille’s main character is almost a complete opposite to what is considered a normal human being. The character loves what is evil and debaucherous. He even finds the dead more sexually attractive than the living. Bataille uses this estranged character to perform actions that should be everyday; however, the nature of the character performingRead MoreHistory and Rolls of Law Enforcement in America10094 Words   |  41 Pagesfederal, state, local, and foreign officials to collect, analyze, and disseminate strategic and operational drug intelligence information. * Seizure and forfeiture of assets derived from, traceable to, or intended to be used for illicit drug trafficking. * Enforcement of the provisions of the Controlled Substances Act as they pertain to the manufacture, distribution, and dispensing of legally produced controlled substances. * Coordination and cooperation with federal, state and local lawRead MoreCsr Communication in the Pharma Industry35538 Words   |  143 Pagesstakeholder groups (e.g. surveys, conferences, intranet, etc.). Websites are one more of the many channels pharmaceuticals use when establishing a CSR communication strategy. However, it is important to recognize the value of the websites as an informative tool for reaching the external stakeholders. Originality/value: This research proposes an analysis based on the examination of the CSR engagement of pharmaceutical wholesalers and service providers within the pharmaceutical industry. Little research

Ielts Essay Samples 9 Band Reviews & Guide

Ielts Essay Samples 9 Band Reviews & Guide Ruthless Ielts Essay Samples 9 Band Strategies Exploited Introduction People appear to be either excited or worried about the upcoming effect of artificial intelligence. If you take a close look at the question carefully, you will observe there are two tasks. Here are the chief benefits and disadvantages of studying abroad. In order to reach this, I must study diligently every evening after classes. For a better-crafted answer imagine that your the examiner does not have any prior knowledge in the region and thus attempt to explain each detail. My writing preparation also wouldn't be efficient without the site of the teacher Chris Pell and his on-line correction services. Inside my case, aside from immense practicing, an efficient means to acquire confidence was supposed to work on IELTS Speaking test with an appropriate teacher. Please note this report is a lot shorter than normal because there were not any recommendations for improvement. There is an excellent selection of complex sentence and structures also. This paragraph demonstrates an outstanding understanding of the necessary grammar and vocabulary. You must take care of the tone if it's format letter keep the formal tone otherwise informal tone. Freedom of expression and speech is a critical portion of the majority of modern societies. There is a broad variety of rather natural vocabulary required to spell out a graph and there are not any spelling mistakes. While my handwriting is not especially neat, it's legible. However, it's sometimes claimed that any youngster can be taught to be a fantastic sports person or musician. Broaden your vocabulary every single day. There are several smart scientists who don't have the funds to acquire important info to finish their research. CONCLUSION In conclusion, distributing information totally free of charge can help in some specific facets but can also be damaging to society. Also, certain sorts of information in the incorrect hands can be devastating for society. Even though within this situation free knowledge is beneficial, it's not true in all circumstances. Ielts Essay Samples 9 Band - Overview Hotels, restaurants and tour operators may also permit staff to accept tips provided by clients that are happy with the service. Such folks are usually singled out wit h the assistance of clients. Regardless of this, there are a few who say that museums are unsustainable without the money they may get from ticket sales. The opening paragraph has all of the crucial details about the graph but itparaphrasesthe question. Within the next sentence try to place some examples drawn from regular life even if you're not asked to. Thus this sentence is going to have the most important idea and essence of your whole paragraph. Write your introduction in a couple of sentences. What the In-Crowd Won't Tell You About Ielts Essay Samples 9 Band On the flip side, it is going to cause you to get unhappy and pay with repairing it. Hence, it's said, marry for money is right in a point. CAUSES Firstly, it would appear that a substantial quantity of blame can be given to bad diet along with the marketing of unhealthy food toward young men and women. Firstly, it appears that a substantial quantity of blame can be given to bad diet together with the marketin g of unhealthy food toward young individuals. Thus don't get intimidated if you believe you cannot write such essays. Your essay won't arrive perfectly on the very first go. A well-structured essay has a fantastic introduction, body paragraphs that are simple to follow and connect together, and a great conclusion. To begin with, complete the essay once possible. Surely, there are lots of tactics to organise this essay. I have an extremely embarrassing story to inform you regarding the IELTS writing test. It's normal to fail IELTS repeatedly. The Nuiances of Ielts Essay Samples 9 Band It's almost not possible to cater for each colleague's demands and interests, be nice even with those who irritate you, and make friends under stressful problems. You're not writing to a friend or relative. However, I think that marriage should involve a blend of both love and money. You've outlined what it is that you are likely to speak about and at exactly the same time made your opinion very very clear. As a British individual who has experienced other European nations and now lives in the USA, I can surely testify that living away from your house country can be hard on occasion. Firstly, you've got to spell out why (give reasons) families aren't so close. Although some men and women hold the view that parents have the obligation to teach their children to turn into a great member of the society, others think that the school is the perfect place to learn social values. Another enormous negative is that students and kids that are learning about the world might not be in a position to see.

Brand Management Coca Cola Drinkers and House Cola Drinkers

Question: Understand relevant marketing concepts and explain the concepts through application to the specific marketing problem;? Analyze and evaluate information in a marketing context;? Using appropriate information sources, analyze information gathered to provide depth and breadth to recommendation; and? Demonstrate effective written communication skills and use of correct referencing method. ? Answer: Introduction: A brand community is a business strategy that is crucial for the improvement of the business. The brand is required to exercise its presence in the market through implementation of effective marketing strategies. In this regard the brand plan also plays an important role in recognition. The brand symbol is in the form of a picture or text or specific sign of the company that will represent the particular brand and help the customers to identify them easily. The brand symbol helps every organization to build brand image and develop distinct brand communities for the customers as well as the potential customers (Altaf Khan, 2011). The case study provided is based on the brand management of the different companies. The role of brands and the importance of the brand community is the basic building block of the case study. Brand community is community derived from the attachment to a particular product. Several researches on marketing strategies and consumer behavior have proved that there is s strong connection between the brands, individual identity and culture. Organizations are alarmingly making improvements in the brand community to develop the connection between the target customers and the brand or the product. Analysis of the case study: The markets for many companies have become customer oriented and that the customers have developed consumptive identity. The consumptive identity was something which was discovered by the marketing analysts which states that it is new form of sociality that focuses on brand communities (Wiegandt, 2009). The article has highlighted the issues of defining the brand communities. The definitions are derived from the post modern concepts that deal in the formation of identity. There were contradictions in describing the brand communities (Sohn Korzenny, 2005). According to O Reilly and Maffesoli, brand communities depend upon the consumer tribes and the neo-tribes. The concept of neotribe is described in this article as the characteristics of a group of consumer that changes with the change in the event or product type or brand type. The example that is mentioned in this article is different type of movie fans. One set of fans may be inclined towards Star Wars and the other group of fans may be towards Star Trek. The article helps to relate the brands with the totems in consumer tribes which states that the ignoring brands would means overlooking a critical part of the tribal culture. In the case of Coca-Cola, it is rather difficult for the marketing managers to distinguish between the brand followers and the brand communities. The brand followers are the brand enthusiasts according to the author who may not necessarily be a part of the brand community. Thus, the problem of building a brand community is important for Coco-Cola (Bjerke Polegato, 2006). In this case, building brand communities are crucial for the company but what is more important is the enhancement in the brand among the target customers. This building of brands is interconnected to building brand communities (Investors et al., 2015). Coke has been facing issues related to obesity and infrastructural issues which can be dealt partially with the help of blogs, commentaries, tweets and the role of the media. These are the traditional marketing strategies. In this regard the problem can be solved using the building of virtual brand communities through the social media marketing (Medium, 2014). But th e online marketing is just a tool in building blocks where the CEOs demand for a Web 2.0 strategy (Bowen Ozuem, n.d.). Harley Davidson engaged in community based brand development which promoted the brotherhood rider who possess shared ethos (Das, 2014). The strategic repositioning was taken up by the company which depicted close-to-the-customers strategy where the employees spend time with the customers in the field and conveyed the insights to the company. It was recommended that the company must reform the organizational design and the structure which will enable the marketing managers to understand the costs and benefits of the brand communities. The company initiated 77-person stand alone organization that enhanced infrastructure and cultivated relationships augmenting brand. There are brand communities that are resistant to mainstream as in the case of Apple (Borja de Mozota, 2003). The company promoted media stories for brand building which forms the basis of the symbolic convergence theory by Ernest Bormann, John Cragan and Donald Shields where the customers perception about brands are guided by the stories that are intended for them to believe (Trendafilov, 2015). There are certain columnists that promote the negative side of Apple which affects the brand. The characteristics of the brand community of Apple include individualism, independence and a strong loyalty to the Apple brand (Heracleous, 2013). The company has a Macintosh Users group (MUG) which is crucial for the success of the brand communities. The marketing manager can also incorporate the Brandfest strategy which implies high quality interaction within the dissimilar brand communities (Buss Strauss, 2009). The article also states that Muniz and OGuinn (2001) argue that the brand community is characterized by rituals and traditions. This is unique feature within companies can be promoted using the community engagement through documenting, staking etc. One of the greatest example of brand communities success is the Manchester United which has emerged not only as sport team but has gained international brand recognition through Manchester United Television, club merchandize and soccer schools etc. Lessons learned from this paper: This article firstly throws light on the fact that brand communities are different from other types of communities that exist in the society. It is argued that communities are secondary rather than being primary. It can be said that brand as a symbol comes before the brand community. We learn that brand communities consist if a unique type of characteristics that differentiates them from other types of communities. Advancement in mass production had made it easy for the streamlining of consumer goods into the western countries. This article helps us to know that whether intentionally or not, the producers had extended their functions to the consumers well beyond their knowledge. The societies that had emerged recently were centered around brand communities. This case study reveals that many groups of consumers made the utmost use of brand communities and used it as the base of social interactions. This article provides examples of Harley Davidson Motorcycles, the MG car company, magazines, Nutella, Liverpool Football Club, theme parks, etc to demonstrate the rich experiences that brand communities offer which are simultaneously powerful and provide a complex culture for the members. The article also draws the attention of the readers by saying that brand communities function more often in a symbolic way. As authors previously have failed to understand, how brand communities are represented only in a symbolic way, they have never been properly classified. The article highlights the similarity brand communities share the findings of the anthropologist, Anthony Cohen, who was of the opinion that collectives that are formed on a shared basis usually serves the society. In the same way, another anthropologist of high repute named Emile Durkheim stated that clans too use totems as a form to represent themselves collectively and also as a basis of their unity (Elliott, Percy Pervan, 2011). The article brings to our attention that the concepts of brand communities have been drawn recent concepts of post modernism. These concepts emphasize largely on the forms of identity. In this article, we find that authors have tried to differentiate brand communities from consumer tribes that are also called neo-tribes by some (Gunelius, 2009). Brand communities have different origins, and their purpose too is different from consumer tribes. The article clearly points out that the difference between neo-tribe and brand community is best understood as the contrast between a social grouping (akin to a tribe) and a cultural grouping (akin to a subculture). The brand community thus is said to possess the stability that is not dependent on any social group. According to the article, we can come to the conclusion that brand communities are formed by members who are united by their loyalty towards one particular brand and consumer tribes are formed by those members that take part in specific interactions that are solely based on groups like forum or club meets. The case study also throws light upon the fact that it is important to differentiate between a general brand consumer and members of the brand community. For example, just because a person may enjoy a bottle of coke would he be considered a member of the Coca-Cola brand community? It is the sense of belonging to a community that makes brand community membership different from other followers of brands. In brand communities, the sole important element is the brand. If the brand ceases to exist, the brand collective community would also dissolve (Harvard Business Review, 2009). This article summarizes that the common process associated with brand communities are social networking, managing of the impression, engaging the community and use of a brand. Brand communities are also perceived to be multi-vocal in meaning by this article that is they attach meanings to other brands as well for example Apple vs. Microsoft, Ferrari vs. Porsche, etc (Meierer, 2011). Conclusion The basic idea of the article was to examine the role an impact of brands and brand communities. It can be said that the brand communities are beneficial for the bottom lines of the companies as it helps to lower the operating cost, enhancing the brand value thereby increasing the sales of the company. The different strategies that the companies can implement to promote the brand communities are discussed in this paper with the help of the branding communities of Harley Davidson, Coca-Cola and Apple. Thus, the branding communities must be constructed within the companies using right strategies and business models. References Altaf Khan, M. (2011).Brand management. New Delhi: Enkay Pub. House. Bjerke, R., Polegato, R. (2006). Differences in Value Orientations of Coca Cola Drinkers and House Cola Drinkers: A Cross-National Investigation.Journal Of Euromarketing,15(4), 7-33. doi:10.1300/j037v15n04_02 Borja de Mozota, B. (2003).Design management. New York, NY: Allworth Press. Bowen, G., Ozuem, W.Computer-mediated marketing strategies. Buss, A., Strauss, N. (2009).Online communities handbook. Berkeley, Calif.: New Riders. Das, K. (2014). 'Harley Davidson' Success Speaks- Brand Image and Culture: An HR Perspective.BIJIEMS,4(2), 48-56. doi:10.9756/bijiems.4808 Elliott, R., Percy, L., Pervan, S. (2011).Strategic brand management. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Gunelius, S. (2009).Building brand value the Playboy way. Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan. Harvard Business Review,. (2009).Getting Brand Communities Right. Retrieved 20 August 2015, from https://hbr.org/2009/04/getting-brand-communities-right Heracleous, L. (2013). Quantum Strategy at Apple Inc.Organizational Dynamics,42(2), 92-99. doi:10.1016/j.orgdyn.2013.03.002 Investors, Company, Page, Brands, Videos, Sustainability, et al. (2015).10 Things Every Brand Can Learn From Coke.The Coca-Cola Company. Retrieved 20 August 2015, from https://www.coca-colacompany.com/coca-cola-unbottled/10-things-every-brand-can-learn-from-coke#TCCC Medium,. (2014).Brand Economics Solving the Coca-Cola Problem. Retrieved 20 August 2015, from https://medium.com/@goonth/brand-economics-solving-the-coca-cola-problem-b2de4f06f0c2 Meierer, M. (2011).International corporate brand management. Wiesbaden: Gabler Verlag. Meister, S. (2012).Brand communities for fast moving consumer goods. Wiesbaden: Springer Gabler. Schroeder, J., Salzer-Morling, M., Askegaard, S. (2006).Brand culture. London: Routledge. Sohn, Y., Korzenny, F. (2005).Opinion leaders and seekers in online brand communities. Trendafilov, D. (2015). Chasing the myth: A Harley-Davidson story(telling).Semiotica,2015(204). doi:10.1515/sem-2014-0085 Wiegandt, P. (2009).Value creation of firm-established brand communities. Berlin: Springer.

Punishments In History Essays - Torture, Physical Punishments

Punishments In History The common practice of early Americans that seems most alien to me is that of human punishment. During the seventeen and eighteen hundreds, the way people were punished was savage and crucial. Those who punished others for a crime, seemed to take matters in there own hands and give punishments that were truly too harsh compared to the crime committed. One of the areas in which such punishment was greatly visible was in the slave institutes. Masters would treat their slaves as if they were ?animals'. It was crucial to see that the only thing that differed Southern and Northern stores was that those in the south stocked "negro-whips" and "mantraps" in their shelves. Whipping was the popular way of punishing slaves at the time, therefore stores made sure they had that six to seven foot long peace of cowhide, to sale to masters who wished to beat there slaves. This type of whip was not enough, for they began making whips that had a platted wire on the end so that it would hurt more and create more damage to the skin. I was shocked to read that a slave would get brutal whips just for simply taking a drink of water when it was not break time yet. If looked at carefully the slave had committed no crime yet was still whipped by his master. This is no way in which a human should treat another human, since we are suppose to be the intelligent, moralistic species of the world. Whipping is still nice, compared to other ways in which many criminals were punished. At times of great crimes, delinquents were faced with the mutilating punishments of the old penal laws, which included branding, ear cropping, hanging and even occasionally castration and burning alive. Thinking of such punishment is harsh, for I thought that the only things that got castrated were the animals in my grandpas' farm. That is not all, since I can not imaging a live human being burned to death. Making such scenes even more disturbing was that they were held in public areas where many people could gather and watch. In New Haven, Connecticut, around 1810, Charles Fowler, a local historian, recalled seeing the"admiring students a [Yale] college" gathered around to watch petty criminals receive "five or ten lashes...with a rawhide whip." On a day of a hanging near Mount Holly, New Jersey, in the 1820's, the scene was that of a holiday: " around the place in every direction were the assembled multitudes ? some in tents, and by-wagons. This is obscene, for humans got a kick out of seeing other humans get killed. Where has the idea of morality and self-respect gone for these people? Right now you probably just imaging men getting such punishments but that was not the case, for women were often treated in the same type of manor. In a country tavern in Georgia, Margaret Hall summoned the slave chambermaid, but she could not come because the mistress had been whipping her and she was not fit to be seen. The next morning she made her appearance with her face marked in several places by the cuts of the cowskin and her neck handkerchief covered with spots of blood. In my point of view, a woman is not to be treated in such manor, for they are to be respected more than men. It is not that I don't believe that people should be punished for doing things they shouldn't do, but it should be reasonable. I believe in the idea of "Eye for an Eye", for if a person murders another, his/her punishment should be death. But for a person, who simply got into a fight with someone else, death doesn't seem to be a reasonable way of punishing him. Instead he should be given a beaten himself so that he can see what it feels like. People in the past seemed to take things to far and not think about the situation carefully. Thanks to God, the old ways, so startling unfamiliar to the modern reader, gradually fell away. Americans changed their assumptions about what was proper, decent, and normal in everyday life and began to look at life in a different view. Who knows, perhaps our morals, to some future observer, will seem as idiosyncratic and astonishing, as I believe this type of behavior is.

Free Essays on Effect Of Creatine on the Human Body

The combination of its popularity and the public's lack of knowledge about creatine has lead to several misunderstandings and misperceptions. Overshadowed by its dynamic strength gaining capabilities, creatine’s negative effects can hinder an athlete’s well being for life. Chevreul, a French scientist, discovered creatine in 1832. Since it’s unearthing, it has fascinated scientists with it’s integral role in skeletal muscle metabolism. A natural substance found in the body, creatine plays a very important part in energy production and muscle contractions (Lipsid N.P.). Recently, creatine supplementation has exploded onto the sports scene, attracting athletes with the amazing results that it has produced. Some of those results include: more powerful muscle contractions, increased explosiveness, faster muscle recovery, less fatigue, increased muscle size, and increased weight gain (Lipsid N.P.). These factors and more are the reasons why creatine has become the most researched supplement on the market today. Through various research methods, scientists have come to discover that creatine is an essential and natural substance required for energy metabolism and muscle movement. Deficiencies of the substance can lead to certain physical muscular disorders which can be fatal in humans and animals. The human body synthesizes creatine from three amino acids which include glycine, arganine, and methionine. These amino acids are components of protein. In humans, the enzymes involved in the synthesis of creatine are located in the liver, pancreas, and kidneys. Creatine is produced in any of these organs and then transported to the muscle through the bloodstream. Approximately 95% of the total creatine pool in your body is stored in the skeletal muscle tissue. The other five percent can be found in the heart, brain, and testes (Gutfield 90). The total creatine pool refers to the amount of creatine... Free Essays on Effect Of Creatine on the Human Body Free Essays on Effect Of Creatine on the Human Body The combination of its popularity and the public's lack of knowledge about creatine has lead to several misunderstandings and misperceptions. Overshadowed by its dynamic strength gaining capabilities, creatine’s negative effects can hinder an athlete’s well being for life. Chevreul, a French scientist, discovered creatine in 1832. Since it’s unearthing, it has fascinated scientists with it’s integral role in skeletal muscle metabolism. A natural substance found in the body, creatine plays a very important part in energy production and muscle contractions (Lipsid N.P.). Recently, creatine supplementation has exploded onto the sports scene, attracting athletes with the amazing results that it has produced. Some of those results include: more powerful muscle contractions, increased explosiveness, faster muscle recovery, less fatigue, increased muscle size, and increased weight gain (Lipsid N.P.). These factors and more are the reasons why creatine has become the most researched supplement on the market today. Through various research methods, scientists have come to discover that creatine is an essential and natural substance required for energy metabolism and muscle movement. Deficiencies of the substance can lead to certain physical muscular disorders which can be fatal in humans and animals. The human body synthesizes creatine from three amino acids which include glycine, arganine, and methionine. These amino acids are components of protein. In humans, the enzymes involved in the synthesis of creatine are located in the liver, pancreas, and kidneys. Creatine is produced in any of these organs and then transported to the muscle through the bloodstream. Approximately 95% of the total creatine pool in your body is stored in the skeletal muscle tissue. The other five percent can be found in the heart, brain, and testes (Gutfield 90). The total creatine pool refers to the amount of creatine...

Northeast Utilities to buy NSTAR for $4.17 bln Thesis Proposal

Northeast Utilities to buy NSTAR for $4.17 bln - Thesis Proposal Example Therefore, such deals were called to exchange 1.312 common shares in the Northeast Utilities in every NSTAR share. In the Northeast it is expected that the shareholders deal with adding the earnings to the first whole year towards the completion of the dividends as per share. This could have also raised about 20 percent of the closest deal. On the other hand, ahead of the finishing point, Northeast Utilities could work as the six regulated gas and electric utilities in Massachusetts, Connecticut and New Hampshire with nearly 3.5 million electric and gas customers. For other reasons, both companies had focused mainly on the transmission as well as proper distributions of power and gas to other regions such as the Northeast that own more than 1,000 megawatts of power generation. The NSTAR stockholders receiving 1.312 and the Northeast shares where they own each share, created a deal that was expected to close in 2011 and Northeast Utilities claims that there should be additional company earnings in year 1 just after closing. The combined efforts in the Northeast Utilities and NSTAR could have created a better relationship with the New England based companies. While ensuring that there are regional benefits in the locally controlled, the energy company during those years that came had a better investment. While calculating the results, find that we computed the most necessary variables, as other additional calculations require that there is a standardized performance that is obtained using the statistical analysis. The applied data describes the steps that also arise as the labels of the variables. Therefore, computing the additional statistics is the significant step that demonstrates example of the results. Some of the functions used to compute the additional statistics defines the new variables and the corresponding results in every statistical test. The target price for the returns reflects on the resulting combination between the

If saudi Arabia a person what it should be what would you like to Essay

If saudi Arabia a person what it should be what would you like to change in Saudi Arabia and why - Essay Example The person would be fond of eating and would be regular customer of world’s largest and most variant cuisines. The person would be particularly fond of dry fruits, specially dates. The person would always dress in the traditional white cloak and would preferably communicate with others in Arabic. One thing that I do not like about Saudi Arabia is the fact that the native people of Saudi Arabia show very little interest in learning a second language. A vast majority of the native people know no other language but Arabic. This makes it very difficult for the foreigners to communicate with them. Linguistic barriers are the biggest hindrance in the way of development of rapport between the native people of Saudi Arabia and the foreigners. It is very good and essential for a nation to give due importance to its own language, but government should take measures to make people learn at least one second language i.e. the international language like English so that they may also commun icate with the outer world.

Development of Car Environment Light System (CELS)

Development of Car Environment Light System (CELS) Chapter 2 STATE OF ART Chapter 2 introduces all the important fundamentals this thesis is based on, in order to provide a better understanding of the concepts related to AmbiLight system, image processing using JAVA and OpenCV libraries. Initially, the general architecture of the AmbiLight system is explained elaborating each modules and components of the system. Going further, the basics of image processing, its need and various techniques of image processing are discussed. Finally, the chapter focuses on JAVA and OpenCV libraries which will be used to implement the image processing techniques. 2.1 AMBILIGHT SYSTEM The AmbiLight system is a Car Environment Light System (CELS) designed to dynamically adapts to the driving situation and enhances the orientation and perception of the passenger compartment in vehicles. Light sources are integrated in the roof liner in-order to create the ambience. These light sources are fed with colour information by the scanning devices attached to the vehicle to capture the colours of the outside environment. Hence, the colour of the light emitted by the lightings in the roof liner can dynamically adapt to the outside environment in real-time. Thus, the CELS provides an enlargement of the visual perception. In particular, the effect is created as the colours displayed by the lightings correspond to the view from the window. Therefore, by looking out of the window, one perceives the coloured light as an extension of the window. This thesis is part of the TUM CREATE joint research programme. The programme is funded by the National Research Foundation of Singapore and executed by the two universities, namely, Technische Università ¤t Mà ¼nchen from Germany and Nanyang Technological University, Singapore. Apart from other research topics, one of the major goals of TUM CREATE is to design and build the world’s first purpose-built electric taxi. The AmbiLight system will also provide the driver and the passengers a pleasant spatial atmosphere thereby creating a feel-good experience psychologically. It also improves the orientation within the vehicle, facilitating the search for things. The below section will cover the design of the Car Environment Light System (CELS). The general system structure of the CELS is also specified. Fig.1 Architecture of the AmbiLight system The design of the Car Environment Light System comprises of camera(s), a computer, a micro-controller unit (MCU) and LED strip which act as the colour display. The camera(s) take images of the car’s surrounding environment. By running a program the computer will acquire and process the images that are captured by the camera(s). The program also determines the representative colours that will be emitted by the LEDs by means of several implemented calculations. The LED-strip is mounted in the roof liner of the car. This arrangement in conjunction with the correspondence of the light colour results in the perception of a larger view. In the below section we will discuss in detail about the design of the input component the camera, the processing unit CPU, the micro-controller unit the arduino and the output component the LED strips. 1. Design of the Input Component This section discusses the realization of the input component. Also the input data types are also discussed. In order to create the enlargement of the perceptual view, the CELS needs to adapt to particular changes in the environment. This comprises of the illuminance, colour and motion. Thus, images as holistic visual information have to be considered to function as CELS input data. Cameras are used since they satisfy the requirement of providing images of the present. Google provides different online services such as Street View which systematically takes and saves images with its geographic parameters, like the GPS coordinates and the cardinal direction. Hence these images can be utilized in a deliberate manner [Goo12]. The Street View data base covers most of Singapore’s streets, hence permitting the possible operation of the CELS. Summarizing, apart from cameras, Google Street View can also be used as a input device providing real-time input data for the CELS, if the vehicle movement is defined as the only changing parameter. Since the Street View images are stored online, access to the internet must be ensured. In general, this does not present a big challenge, as the automotive human-machine interface, which was presented in Section 1.5, provides internet access via a 3G connection. However, the use is still problematic due to the risk of low connectivity or even complete loss of either the mobile or the GPS signal. This would result in asynchronous data, which obviously deteriorates the pursued effect. But, relying on Google Street View implies a disadvantage. Buildings are generally not frequently teared down and constructed again. Walking people and driving cars for instance however are in motion, hence are not considered by the Street View images. The designed CELS, being the first prototype, the achievement of the maximum effect possible is preferable. Consequently, the dynamic features of the environment have to be considered in the calculation of the representative colour. Otherwise, the enlargement of the visual perception could be impaired. Due to this fact, the input component has been realized with a camera. 2. Design of the Processing Component In-order to cater various features and needs of the vehicle, the system relies on a centralized Car PC with a multitude of input and output possibilities. TANK-700-QM67 is chosen as the Car PC. The TANK-700-QM67 provides high performance and cost-effective solutions. The high performance TANK-700-QM67 fanless embedded system is furnished with powerful computing capability, video capture, dual display, flexible I/O configuration, and long product life support. It supports Intel Mobile Core i7/i5/i3 processors and full feature I/O such as Gigabit Ethernet, two high-speed USB 3.0 ports and optional 8 channel video/audio capture and IEEE802.11a/b/g/n wireless module.It also supports DDR3 memory up to 4GB. The TANK-700 embedded computer is fit for high performance embedded controller and rugged environments. These features ensure complex programs written using high-level programming languages like C, C++ or Java can be processed effectively. 3. Design of the MCU Arduino as SPI-Interface For the processing unit to communicate with the output device, here, the LEDs of the LED strip, a MCU is used. Its task is the communication with the LED drivers via the SPI bus. For this purpose, the Arduino board has been used. It is an open-source computing platform which is based on a microcontroller board [Ard13] and is illustrated in Figure 5.1. In particular, the used Arduino Uno model utilizes the 8-bit ATmega 328 microcontroller from Atmel Corporation. Apart from other features, the ATmega 328 has a 16 MHz processor and 32 kBytes of programmable flash memory [Atm12]. Moreover, it supports the required SPI interface. An integrated UART enables the RS-232 serial communication with the computer. Fig.2 Arduino UNO board Arduino Environment The Arduino board comes with its own environment, particularly an integrated development environment (IDE) and programming language. The Arduino programming language is a set of commands, which facilitates the programming of microcontrollers. This is achieved by simplifying the AVR C programming language, which the Arduino originates from. In addition, the Arduino programming language bundles several native commands to single command in some cases. The Arduino software is published as open source. This ensures programmers to develop and offer C++ libraries which can expand the functionality of the Arduino software [Ard13]. FastSPI Library FastSPI, a third-party library has been used to facilitate the control of LED-strips. It provides several distinct commands to configure and control LED-strips. Moreover, characteristics of different LED-drivers are integrated. Thus, the library allows a fast adaptation of the existing code to different LED-strips. The library version from the October, 14th, 2012 bas been used for the implementation of the process structure. 4. Design of the Output Component LEDs are suitable for interior lightings due to their minimal size, long service life, low power consumption and also quick response. The specification of the LED-strip is discussed in the following section. RGB-LEDs In order to achieve the necessary colour environment adaptation, the LEDs need to be capable of emitting different colours. For this purpose, the LED strip that utilize RGB-LEDs that is able to display up to 16.7 million different colours by mixing the three primary colours red, green and blue is chosen. Individually addressable The LEDs of the LED-strip are individually addressable to enable a smooth light colour adaptation over the whole roof liner. This enables the control of both the brightness and the colour of each LED. 12 V input voltage To avoid the necessity of additional devices such as voltage converters, the compatibility to the 12V auxiliary power grid is preferable. LPD8806 LED driver has been used. It offers SPI communication interface having a LED density of 32 LEDs/m Amount of LEDs Two parameters have been taken into account for determining the Amount of LEDs. They are 1. LED density 32 LEDs per meter or a LED distance of 31.3 mm has been assumed for the calculation of the total amount of LEDs.

Impact of Race in Othello Essay -- GCSE Coursework Shakespeare Othello

Impact of Race in Othello One of the major issues in Shakespeare's Othello is the impact of the race of the main character, Othello. His skin color is non-white, usually portrayed as African although some productions portray him as an Arabian. Othello is referred to by his name only seventeen times in the play. He is referred to as "The Moor" fifty-eight times. Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) states that a Moor is "Any individual of the swarthy races of Africa or Asia which have adopted the Mohammedan religion. In Spanish history the terms Moo, Saracens, and Arabs are synonymous." This indicates that Othello is constantly being degraded and set up as an evil person throughout the play. What this really means is that Othello is being judged by his skin color rather than the person under the skin. The view that whites and non-whites are equal is a relatively new concept in our society. In institutionalized racism, such as American slavery, those of a different color were often viewed as inferior. As Shakespeare wrote Othello, this idea was becoming quite prominent as England entered the African slave trade. One can look at the racial issues from the perspective of color, slavery, and society. There are many references in the play to indicate that Othello was dark colored. The first image we, as a reader, are given of Othello is that of a black ram having sexual relations with Desdemona (1.1.89-90). Later on in the play, there are many other references to Othello's color and race. Desdemona's father, Brabantio, is appalled to learn that his daughter is having a relationship with a "sooty bosom" (2.3.27). Emilia refers to Othello as a black devil (5.2.132). Othello even calls himself black (3.3.265). Iago also... ...hello is driven mad by the force of Iago's suggestions, indicating that he is merely a victim of another man's jealousy. Works Cited 1 Norman Sanders, ed. Othello. Cambridge: New York, 1995: 12. 2 C. W. Slights. "Slaves and Subjects in Othello," Shakespeare Quarterly v48 Winter 1997: 382. 3 C. W. Slights. 380. 4 Norman Sanders, ed. 10. 5 J. Adelman. "Iago's Alter Ego: Race as Projection in Othello," Shakespeare Quarterly v48 Summer 1997: 130. 6 C. W. Slights. 388. Works Consulted Bradley, A. C.. Shakespearean Tragedy. New York: Penguin, 1991. Di Yanni, Robert. â€Å"Character Revealed Through Dialogue.† Readings on The Tragedies. Ed. Clarice Swisher. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 1996. Reprint from Literature. N. p.: Random House, 1986. Muir, Kenneth. Introduction. William Shakespeare: Othello. New York: Penguin Books, 1968.   

A Case Study On Banque Accord: A Closer Look

Banque Accord is a subsidiary of financial giant the Auchan Group1. Founded in 1983, Banque Accord was established in two stages: In 1983, with the issuance of â€Å"Accord† retail cards in Auchan’s hypermarkets; and, in 1987, with Auchan’s acquisition of Banque Delort, a subsidiary and affiliate of the banking group known as Credit Commercial de France2. Auchan subsequently called its newly acquired bank as â€Å"Banque Accord 3.  Ã¢â‚¬ The newly acquired bank’s mission was to customize the rules that have proven successful in the area of retail distribution and bring it to the financial services field, by allowing consumers to avail of simple yet innovative discounted products and services. 4 Essentially, Banque Accord operates as a bank aligned with the credit and retail industries in general5. Put simply, Banque Accord brings electronic banking functions to retailers, and payment and financing options like cards and consumer credit, closer to its c onsumers.As a rule, the purchase of financial resources is backed by sound ratings from globally respected institutions like Moodys and Standard & Poor. For the year 2006, Banque Accord received higher ratings compared to the previous year6. Moody’s gave the bank an A2 grade, while S&P gave it an A or â€Å"Stable† rating7. To note, the word â€Å"Accord† suggests being able to agree on â€Å"financial solutions† for the company’s clients8. The dynamism of Banque Accord, which eventually became well-respected in international financial circles, is due to the fact that it is wholly-owned by a bank and a retail group.Since its inception, Banque Accord has noteworthy achievements, four of which are9: (1) consolidating – in the same organization – electronic banking, issuing of retail cards and providing credit to consumers; (2) creating a network of banking instruments in shopping centers; (3) an ever-widening range of goods and products available to clients (such as payment card facilities and services, revolving credit, traditional credit, and the like. 10); and (4) its takeover of Egg France in 2004, permitting direct online access under the monicker Oney.fr/ These factors, combined with the marketing genius of its Chief Executive Officer Damien Guermonprez, Banque Accord has evolved in 2006, into an international presence with operations in nine countries, and a database of 4,800,000 customers11. 1 (Dauchy, 2007, p. 2) 2 (Dauchy, 2007, p. 3) 3 (Dauchy, 2007, p. 4) 4 (Dauchy, 2007, p. 4) 5 (Dauchy, 2007, p. 16) 6 (Dauchy, 2007, p. 16) 7 (Dauchy, 2007, p. 16) 8 (Dauchy, 2007, p. 3) 9 (Dauchy, 2007, p. 3) 10 (Dauchy, 2007, p. 3) 11 (Dauchy, 2007, p. 3) Banque Accord: A Case Study 1In Banque Accord’s financial disclosures for 2006, the company reflected a EUR353,167,000 increase in assets in just 12 months12. Banque Accord also reported a net income of EUR34,413,000 in 2005, as compared to EUR24,206,000 in 2 00413. Despite the potential for further international growth, Banque Accord has to contend with possible areas of difficulties, which include14: (a) the use of mobile phones as potential replacement for bank cards in transactions; (b) innovations in consumer credit; and (c) the development of e-business in the retailing industry.Regardless of these trends that Banque Accord has to contend with, the bank continue to be innovative and continues to explore newer concepts to maintain its prestige and originality in the banking and retail industries. 12 (Dauchy, 2007, p. 17) 13 (Dauchy, 2007, p. 17) 14 (Dauchy, 2007, p. 17) 15 (Dauchy, 2007, p. 3) Banque Accord: A Case Study 2 I. The Auchan Group Founded in 1961 by Gerard Mulliez, the Auchan Group started out in the North area of France with one hypermarket, which, simply defined, is a commercial complex which combines a department store with a supermarket16.Currently, in 2006, the Auchan Group runs 360 hypermarkets spread across 11 cou ntries. In France, Auchan operates 654 supermarkets 17. Since the inception of Auchan, the company’s vision has remained the same. That is, to improve the purchasing power of its customers 18. Banque Accord is an Auchan subsidiary which has developed an identity of its own within the Auchan Group. Nevertheless, Banque Accord’s mission is identical to Auchan’s, and in essence, the bank has a dual vision 19:†¢ customer oriented: providing its clients with a means to purchase; and †¢ corporate oriented: assisting Auchan in maximizing turnover and revenue, therefore aiding the Group to reduce costs. Accordingly, Banque Acord’s mission, â€Å"The bank for consumers† is aimed towards Auchan’s clients at the hypermarkets 20. Banque Accord achieves its mission by making available to Auchan’s clients, certain services like discounted financial options and payments which are directly accessible to these clients.Being a part of the Auc han Group is a contributing factor to Banque Accord’s human resources practices: By training a group of responsible professionals who consider their jobs fulfilling, the company is able to achieve growth and guarantee their clients quality service21. II. Banque Accord’s Internal Strengths In studying the case of Banque Accord, one is accosted with the company’s inherent strengths. Whatever weaknesses there might be for the company, these are easily addressed based on the operating standards adopted by the Bank. Nevertheless, inherent strengths of Banque Accord include: A. European Market ShareThe modes of payment offered by Banque Accord is characterized by diverseness, regulatory and technical issues and the intricacy of the value chain of the industry22. Cash payment is predominant in 16 (Dauchy, 2007, p. 4) 17 (Dauchy, 2007, p. 4) 18 (Dauchy, 2007, p. 5) 19 (Dauchy, 2007, p. 5) 20 (Dauchy, 2007, p. 5) 21 (Dauchy, 2007, p. 5) 22 (Dauchy, 2007, p. 6) Banque Acc ord: A Case Study 3 Spain, Italy and Germany23. However, majority of Banque Accord’s clients in Great Britain and France use bank cards24. The bank card is considered a â€Å"pivotal† product for the company that issued it25.The card can be very much compared to a traditional bank’s checking or current account, which is most convenient for customers to use. Retailers or outlets that have tie-ups with bank cards are able to sell â€Å"progressively†, in coordination with various financial services like cross-selling or up-selling26. The European market where Banque Accord mainly operates was reportedly worth EUR930 billion in outstanding credit in 2005 (Source L’observateur Cetelem), and is manifesting fast growths in many countries27. Within Europe, where Banque Accord operates, there are distinct differences between countries.In Great Britain for example, the average outstanding credit per household is double that of France’s28. In simple w ords, buyers in Great Britain have greater use for bank cards than customers in France do. The differences between countries may be attributed to diverse cultural orientations, regulatory requirements and marketing procedures29. Another example is: frequently, young people are refused credit on the grounds that they do not have a stable means of paying it. On the other hand, it is quite common for a consumer to accumulate excessive credit30.A solution to this would be the use of regulatory systems and which monitor and prevent bad debts. B. Positioning and Diverse Services The business of Banque Accord is30: (a) issuing different types of payment cards like for example, retail cards, gift cards and bank cards; (b) proffering consumer credit and other related services; and (c) managing its retail partners electronic processing of monetary transactions. Electronic Banking is a technical service directly given by Banque Accord to its retailers, which is a source of pride to the bank31. Its electronic banking services is geared towards functioning as a bank –â€Å"receiving† transactions – providing the support in the retailers’ issuance of cards, managing authorization, 23 (Dauchy, 2007, p. 6) 24 (Dauchy, 2007, p. 6) 25 (Dauchy, 2007, p. 6) 27 (Dauchy, 2007, p. 6) 28 (Dauchy, 2007, p. 8) 29 (Dauchy, 2007, p. 8) 3-0 (Dauchy, 2007, p. 8) 31 (Dauchy, 2007, p. 9) Banque Accord: A Case Study 4 2005, to form a division called CardOps33. Being owned by a retailing group, Banque Accord’s aim is ATMS, payment terminals, etc 32. Banque Accord’s electronic banking services were grouped together in proximity to its customers, and minimizing costs of electronic banking.The core business of Banque Accord is the issuing of a range of cards, which have different functions. The bank’s cards may be a type of payment, a retailer’s marketing tool, a â€Å"support† product of the bank that is incorporated in its associate d services34. It is widely said that an Accord card may be likened to a Swiss Knife with flexibility in functions — credit card, payment card and loyalty card 35. Various examples of an Accord card’s use are36: (a) Sample 137: Card Type : Retail Card Function : A payment card issued or released by retailerBanque Accord: Auchan cradholders total 4,000,000 in Europe, and the card is accepted by other retailers (b) Sample 238: Card Type : Loyalty Card Function : Retailer's marketing instrument which could be used to attract and maintain a loyal base of clients Banque Accord: N/A (c) Sample 339: Card Type : Bank Card Function : A traditional card issued by banks, this card may be used overseas Banque Accord: MasterCard Accord and VisaCard Accord (d) Sample 440: Card Type : Gift Card 32 (Dauchy, 2007, p. 9) 33 (Dauchy, 2007, p.9) 34 (Dauchy, 2007, p. 9) 35 (Dauchy, 2007, p. 9) 36 (Dauchy, 2007, p. 10) 37 (Dauchy, 2007, p. 10) 38 (Dauchy, 2007, p. 10) 39 (Dauchy, 2007, p. 10 ) 40 (Dauchy, 2007, p. 10) Banque Accord: A Case Study 5 Function : This type of card may be utilized to personalize service, and enhances customer relationships. Banque Accord: Auchan Gift Card Hence a card is useful to: ? the retailer, because it can be used as a marketing instrument and promotes consumer loyalty; and ? the consumer, because it is convenient means of financing and payment41There is a distinct connection between owning a card, how the type of card benefits the customer and the retailer, and the amount of business the customer does with the retailer42. It is established that a customer who has access to credit through cards increases his or her purchasing power. A client who has no card hardly visits a retailer in a month, owning a loyalty card enables a customer to make three visits. Having a retail card allows the client to make four visits per month to the favorite retailer and having a bank card gives the client the opportunity to make at least five visits to th e retailer 42.Banque Accord boasts of an orientation which is discount-oriented and customer-oriented43. Banque Accord has two selling and pricing concepts44: — annual subscription; and — cash back, which is defined as the money paid to the customer related t his or her card use. For example in France, Banque Accord gives a 40% discount incentive to annual subscribers for a refular Visa Card, and 60% discount on a Visa Premiere Card45. Based on the spending habits of the customers, an annual subscription increases the potential for the cleints' purchasing statistics. Other Financial ProductsApart from cards, Banque Accord also offers its clients other services, lilke46: (1) in-store credit wherein the individual retailers define their own credit policies along with different formulas for achieving revenue; (2) personal loans, which are granted to customers as a come-on, at interest rates based on current market prices; (3) revolving credit, which is built up by a credi t reserve; 41 (Dauchy, 2007, p. 10) 42 (Dauchy, 2007, p. 10) 43 (Dauchy, 2007, p. 10) 44 (Dauchy, 2007, p. 10) 45 (Dauchy, 2007, p. 12) 46 (Dauchy, 2007, p. 10) Banque Accord: A Case Study 6 (4) Auchan savings account;(5) life insurance, which is a tieup with Suravenir and offers life plans at simple and reduced costs; and (6) non-life insurance. As evidenced by the wide range of â€Å"other† services that Banque Accord offers, its value chain is distinguished by a huge number of product alliances47. Thus, Banque Accord has been known for its flexibility. As a result, the bank has largely-increased the potential spending capacity of its client-base. Sometimes, the bank's products are managed by other partners — at times their competitors — depending on which country the operation is in48.

How Could Physicians Perception about the Combination Therapy in managing Asthma affects its Sales performance - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2542 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Medicine Essay Type Research paper Level High school Did you like this example? How Could Physicianà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Perception about the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Combination Therapyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  in managing Asthma affects its Sales performance? (Special reference to à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Symbicort Turbuhaler à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“by AstraZeneca) Project Propsal Table of Contents ContentsPage Title 3 Introduction 3 Background of the problem 3 Insight to company Insight to product Establishment of the problem 4 Objectives of the report 5 Literature Review 6 introduction to key concepts 6 Theoretical Framework 6 Analyzing finding at national level 9 The Approach to data collection analysis 9 Research Methodology 10 Research Instruments 10 Sample Technique 10 Data collection 11 Data analysis 11 Credibility of proposal 12 Consideration of ethical issues 12 Action Plan 12 List of references 13 List of Figures Figure 1: Market share comparisons in combination Market 2013/2014. Figure 2: The GMS: A Broad conceptualization of Global Marketing Strategy Figure 3: Sampling Design List of Tables Table 1: Sales Volume Comparison 2012/2013/2014 Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "How Could Physicians Perception about the Combination Therapy in managing Asthma affects its Sales performance?" essay for you Create order Title How Could Physicianà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Perception about the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Combination Therapyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  in managing Asthma affects its Sales performance? (Special reference to à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Symbicort Turbuhaler à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“by AstraZeneca) Introduction Background of the problem When analyzing the background of the problem, it is important to have and comprehensive knowledge about the organization and the products. Insight to the company Astra was a former Swedish pharmaceutical company which was founded in 1913. Due to various future ambitions à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Astra- PLCà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  and à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Zeneca-PLCà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  of United Kingdom merged together and formed AstraZeneca-PLC in1999. As per the sales revenue of 2013 AstraZeneca holds the 6th position globally in multinational pharmaceutical industry recording a sales turnover of US $ 27.9bn (Top 20 Pharma, 2013) Insight to product. Turbuhaler is a class of a device innovated by AstraZeneca, this device is preloaded with drugs to use in asthmatic Patients. Widely used as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Symbicort Turbuhalerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  (generic name of drug included Budesonide and Formetrol as a combination) Symbicort Turbuhaler as a product has been in Sri Lanka for more than 6 years. With having lots of benefits and still holds the patency for the device, ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s available at a premium price of LKR. 2516/= per device with 60 doses, and available in two strengths. Establishment of the problem. Even though à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Symbicort Turbuhalerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  offers more Clinical benefits over competitors, as per the internal sales data of AstraZeneca- Sri Lanka in 2014, Symbicort Turbuhaler has shown a 5% growth over 2013. Even though the growth is 5% the market share has come down by 1%. As per the internal sales in 2013 has been de- grown by 21% over 2012. (AstraZeneca-SL, 2014) Table 1. Sales Volume Comparison 2012/2013/2014 2012 2013 Growth 2014 Growth Units Value Units Value Units Value 18,253 38,141,957 14,357 31,413,116 79% 15,020 32,863,760 105% But in overall Combination Market data in Sri Lanka, it is identified that total market is de-growing at -3.48% in revenue over 2013 in 2014. But as Multinational products à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Seretideà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  by GSK (Glaxo SmithKline) also has lost their MS by 2%, on the other hand Branded generics have increased their MS by 1% (IMS, Q4-2014). On the other hand AstraZeneca allocates 10 % of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Symbicortà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  sales revenue as its promotional budget. That means averagely about LKR 3 Mn per annum is being used for promotions of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Symbicortà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . But when à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Symbicortà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  growth is depend on various factors in marketing, need to identify the same for its performance. However expected growth of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Symbicortà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  in 2014 was 15% (AstraZeneca-SL, 2014) Figure 1. Market share comparisons in combination Market 2013/2014. Objectives of the Report The main objective of this study will be identifying the perception and the prescribing patterns of physicians; will it impact the sales performance of a pharmaceutical product? To identify the key drivers that affects the sales performance of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Combination therapyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  To identify effective way of increasing sales volume of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Symbicortà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  and secure the market share. To Increase the financial contribution to RD and strengthen the product pipeline of AstraZeneca. To provide suitable suggestions and recommendations to the management of AstraZeneca to overcome above problems. 3. Literature Review 3.1 introductions to key concept In this context of study it is really need to be understood that the variations of trends in sales impact is due to marketing concepts are used to meet the objectives. To arrive at organizational expectations, a marketing plan or a conceptual frame work of marketing is meant by marketing mix (Palmer, 2007). According to Alaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢Eddin Mohammad Khalaf Ahmad (2013) marketing mix refers to a set of tools that offers customer which in return to an organization to achieve their objectives. Marketing mix 4ps consist of product, price, place, and promotion. When a product performance is declining and variations in performance in certain period of time, it is right to analyze the marketing mix which includes the perception of the customers towards the product, the promotion strategies and the targeted customer base is covered. Which also have a positive or negative impact on performance? Since à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Symbic ort Turbuhalerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  is a tangible product conventional 4ps Marketing Mix has been taken as the concept to explore. 3.2 Theoretical Framework to the Project The study that has been heavily emphasized that marketing mix is increasing being adopted by in virtually all the sectors of the economy. Hence as per Aremu, M.A. and Bemiduro, J.A., (2012) marketing mix has been a major determinant of the organizations short term and long term success. Furthermore this study emphasizes that adopting marketing mix by an entrepreneur will able to gain competitive advantage as well. Since this study states that organization success can achieve with marketing mix, it will be an interesting opportunity to find out more in-depth what kind of elements will impact the same. Marketing mix is a great tool to gain competitive advantage over other marketed products (Ibidunni, O.S., 2011). As per this study it is proven that in Nigerian multinational companies and indigenous food and beverage companies have utilized marketing mix elements to arrive at a competitive advantage. And it is also clearly identified and mentioned the variables could influence the perception of the consumer towards companies achieving its performance level in the market place. This study strongly recommends indigenous companies to follow relevant marketing mix. Hence this study emphasize on marketing mix as a tool of gaining competitive advantage over other markets, will be considered as a supportive study and will be explored for further information to do this research. As the above mentioned studies Shaoming Zou and S. Tamer Cavusgil (2002) has clearly stated that the relationship between global marketing strategies has an impact on organizational performance. Global Marketing Strategies (GMS) that integrates three major perspectives which includes standardization, configuration- coordination, and integration perspectives. Since AstraZeneca Pharmaceutical is a Multinational Company impl ementing global marketing strategies can have an impact on organizational performance. The below shown Figure 2. Explains eight dimensions which global marketing strategy at which degree that is implemented to market products across other country markets. Source: Journal of marketing, Vol. 66, Page 43. This study will be further explored deeply to get information for the research. As followed by the previous study, article published in Brazilian Administration Review by Brei, V.A., Dà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢avila, L., Camargo, L.F and Engels, J., (2011) has done a meta-analysis on the influence of adaptation and standardization of marketing mix on performance in international context. The results of this analysis have shown it has a positive impact on its performance. If its adaptation, it is suggested to adapt price and followed by promotions, product and place. Since it is proven that marketing mix has a positive impact on its performance, referring this study will help to f ind out more information. Elaborating further more would like to explore more about, will prescribing patterns of physicians due to promotional strategies implemented companies through promotional staff? According to the study done by, Serhat, Vancelik. , (2007) it has been proven the promotions done by promotion staff, academic content (knowledge) which is shared with the physicians has made an impact on their prescribing pattern. This study can be explored to identify that any promotion strategies by AstraZeneca- SL will Impact the Physician prescribing Pattern. Pharmaceutical companies use scientific and educational information to physicians in giving the best treatment to their patients. But in Sri Lankan Health sector it is found to be different due to several factors. According to Geoffrey, K. Spurling, (2010) have done a systemic review to identify information from pharmaceutical companies and the quality, quantity, and cost of physicians prescribing. The results of thi s study have shown that the investment cost on promotion by the companies is competitively high and it has an impact on influencing physicians prescribing pattern. This study can be explore further to get information and will be supportive in identifying the factors in Sri Lankan Market. According to Saito S, Mukohara K, Bito S (2010), has done a survey in japan physicians to identify the relationship between the pharmaceutical Representatives or companies. The results have shown that the attitude of several physicians has an impact or influence in prescribing pattern and at a risk in long term. This is a clear identification and will be the same scenario which has impacted in srilankan market due to no regulation in controlling. Fusun. F. Gonul., (2001) has found that promotion of prescription drugs will impact on physician choice behavior. In this study not only price the promotions (detailing and sampling) have an impact on physician behavior which is positive in most cases . And physicians in this study have been categorized by fairly limited price sensitivity. This study will be deeply analyze and get further information to this research. Specially to develop questionnaires effectively. 3.3 Analyzing the findings at national level. Customer (Physicians) Perception impact on marketing mix which can be positive or negative in performance in a product or in an organization will be analyzed locally, and globally through reviewing the studies, articles, and journals stated in the theoretical frame work above in this research. The Approach to data collection analysis. In order to selecting the methodology will be looked at the possibility of accessing to primary and secondary data in terms of getting permissions. And also specifically apply theories that learned in an appropriate manner, research methods, research instruments, sample technique, data collection, and data analysis will be elaborated in this topic and will give the credibility of doing this research. Research Methodology According to Naresh, K. Malhotra., (2008) it is identified that to formulate successful marketing strategies with rich insights, will get from both qualitative and quantitative approaches in combination. In this research Quantitative approach will be used to understand the relationship of the variables. Mainly quantitative approaches such as questionnaires will be used with physicians as they are very busy and less open for lengthy or in-depth discussions. But qualitative approach may be used for measuring the medical representativeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s product knowledge by using secondary data available at Company. Research instrument According to Naresh, K. Malhotra., (2008) an instrument of research questionnaires have three specific objectives, first the respondents can and will answer which must translate the information in to a set of specific questions. This is a challenging objective. Second, a questionnaire must motivate and encourage getting involved in the interview. Third, it should minimize response error. So in this research Main instrument will be the questionnaire given to physicians. Ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s a self-administrative questionnaire. Sample Technique Judgmental sampling (typical case sampling) will be used as a sample technique. There are few reasons to use judgmental sampling. Pharmaceutical industry is an academic and informative area Data saturation could be essential Difficulty of approaching elements Relatively low cost Figure 3. Sample Design. Above sample of 35 elements will include following. 10 physicians 2 Chest Physicians 15 General Practitioners 8 Medical Officers Data Collection Primary data collection methods Questionnaires will be distributed through medical representative. Medical representatives will be educated in obtaining answers to questionnaires. Secondary data collection methods Annual Reports Territory sales reports IMS data Company internal Evaluation Reports ( Medical Representatives) Data Analysis Collection of data will be analyzed by using MS-Excel and also will be presented through bar charts, tables, and line graphs. Credibility of this proposal. This research is practical and achievable study. All sample and elements will be selected from current customer base of AstraZeneca Sri Lanka hence all customers are accessible. Since the total sample elements are restricted to 35 doctors. Completion of this research in given time frame is possible. Furthermore, financial liability is within the acceptable range. Consideration of Ethical issues. Confidentiality of collected data will be secured. Access to hospital premises will be requested before collecting data Action Plan List of reference Roger A.Plamer, Juanita Cockton, Graham Cooper (2007) Managing Marketing [Online] Available at: https://books.google.lk/books?hl=enlr=id=xc3LMeik5wwCoi=fndpg=PR3dq=introduction+on+marketing+mix+4ps+palmer+2004ots=mJ2-YoHddhsig=5-f6nj8z2BF4iteWorQBRMp_XLMredir_esc=y#v=onepageq=marketing mixf=false (Accessed: 29 March 2015) AlaEddin Mohammad Khalaf Ahmad (2013) the impact of Marketing Mix Strategy on hospitals performance measured by patient satisfaction: an empirical investigation on Jeddah Private Sector Hospital senior managerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s perspective, International Journal of Marketing Studies; Vol. 5, No. 6; 2013 [Online] Available at: https://www.ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/ijms/article/view/31968/18600. (Accessed: 29 March 2015) Aremu, M.A. and Bemiduro, J.A., (2012). Marketing mix practice as a determinant of entrepreneurial business performance. International Journal of Business and Management Vol. 7, No. 1; January 2012 Ibidunni, O.S., (2011) marketing mix as tools for achieving competitive advantage in Nigerian market place: Multi-National and indigenous companies in perspective. Journal of Marketing Development and Competitiveness, 5(7), pp.81-94. Shaoming Zou and S. Tamer Cavusgil (2002). The GMS: A broad conceptualization of global marketing strategy and its effect on firm performance in journal of marketing, Vol. 66, No. 4 (Oct., 2002) pp. 40-56 [Online] Available at: https://www.jstor.org/discover/10.2307/3203357?sid=21106316350763uid=70uid=385054361uid=385054351uid=3uid=2134uid=60uid=2 (Accessed: 30 March 2015) AstraZeneca à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" SL, 2014. Internal Secondary sales data. [Excel] December 2014, Colombo: AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals. IMS Q-4, 2014. Sri Lankan Pharmaceutical industry market statistics, software version 2014, IMS: Colombo. Top 20 Pharma, (2013). Top 20 pharmaceutical companies. [Online] Available at: https://www.contractpharma.com/heaps/view/542. (Accessed 30 March 2015) Brei, V.A., Dà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢avila, L., Camargo, L.F and Engels, J., (2011). The influence of adaptation and standardization of the marketing mix on performance: a meta-analysis in Brazilian Administration Review. [Online] Available at: https://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?pid=S1807-76922011000300004script=sci_arttext (Accessed 30 March 2015). Serhat, Vancelik. , (2007). Impact on pharmaceutical promotion on prescribing decisions of General practitioners in Eastern Turkey in BMC Public Health.[Online] Available at: https://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2458/7/122. (Accessed 30 March 2015) Geoffrey, K. Spurling, (2010). Information from pharmaceutical companies and the quality, quantity, and cost of physicians prescribing: a systemic review. [Online] Available at: https://journals.plos.org/plosmedicine/article?id=10.1371/journal.pmed.1000352#pmed-1000352-g002. (Accessed 31 March 2015) Saito S, Mukohara K, Bito S (2010) Japanese Practicing Physicians Relationships with Pharmaceutical Representatives: A National Survey. PLOS ONE 5(8): e12193. Doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0012193 Available at: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0012193. ( Accessed 31March 2015) Fusun. F. Gonul., Franklin, carter., (2001). Promotion of prescription drugs and its impact on physician choice behavior in journal of marketing. Vol. 65, No. 3 (Jul., 2001), pp. 79-90[Online] Available at: https://www.jstor.org/discover/10.2307/3203468?sid=21105863286271uid=385054361uid=70uid=385054351uid=2134uid=60uid=2uid=3. (Accessed 1 April 2015). Naresh, K. Malhotra., (2008). Marketing Research: An Applied Orientation, 5/E, Person education India. [Online] Available at: https://books.google.lk/books?hl=enlr=id=TKb8iORscegCoi=fndpg=PR19dq=using+quantitative+and+qualitative++research+methodology+for+a+product+to+identify+customer+perceptionots=xUpZFRQ9eXsig=TCTEBR33I9V4egJ8OwvQoFITEPcredir_esc=y#v=onepageq=quantitative and qualitativef=false. (Accessed 2 April 2015).