Civil and Environmental Engineering Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Civil and Environmental Engineering - Essay Example This is trend going to be more so in the future and civil engineers need to know how to deal with this issue (Seracino, 2006). Apparently, the trend is familiar in the modern world as can be seen in Dubai. Dubai, one of the most popular emirates of the United Arabs Emirates has set the trend where buildings are not built to only serve a technical function, but are also a cultural statement (McCuen, Ezzell & Wong, 2011). This aspect of civil engineering has brought with it more challenges to the civil engineers who in the modern world have to execute civil engineering projects that are far more complex than the technical aspects. This trend might not disappear soon. As such, civil engineers in future will be required to be more creative and more resourceful in executing their projects. Civil engineering is going to take a new turn where it will have a more social and cultural aspect. Architects are forever coming up with more complex designs which the civil engineers will have to impl ement and that are becoming a challenge. Modern civil engineers also have to be able to look at the ways they have to control the budget. As a matter of facts, numerous issues make the modern civil engineer to be good financial manager. To begin with, as Fellin (2004) modern customers are more aware of the cost of construction and are likely to offer fewer funds than it was in the early years. When a modern civil engineer gets a project, whether from the government, a firm or an individual, they are likely to get more resistance when asking for the funding of the project. In this regard, the civil engineer must be a good negotiator in order to get things done Hansen and Zenobia (2011). He or she must be able to negotiate with the financiers of the project and must also be able to negotiate with other stakeholders in the industry. Where the civil engineer is involved in the procurement of materials and other resources such

Should Apes Have Human Rights?

Should Apes Have Human Rights? Should apes have human rights based on sign language? In todays society apes are considered to be animals and are given no rights even considerably close to humans, in fact, they have no rights to begin with. But rarely is the question asked, should apes have rights based on sign language and other communication skills? Absolutely not. Rights are a human concept, based on the idea of individuals, who, acting independently or having the freedom to do so should be treated equally by law. Animals dont act independent nor have the freedom to do so. They cannot take responsibility for their own actions, and they cannot like humans give enough effort to provide for or influence a society alone. In fact, they do not have a very well put together social group. Therefore, it makes no sense to give animals human rights just because they understand some parts of a human language and some sign language. But what about the questions of whether animals should have any special protection, such as protection from harm from owners or caretakers as they call them, or should they be kept from cages and set free in their natural habitat? Monkeys live together in social groups. All members contribute by helping to conserve, find, and defend food sources, raise their offspring, etc, just as people in a society do. But it isnt possible to live in a social group without some way or form of communication. Members of a social group need ways to influence and inform each other. This is what influences language. Monkeys have evolved many ways of communicating, including visual looks, auditory calls, etc. Some of their visual signals are very intriguing, like the long, curled tongue of the tamarin monkey, that signals to her mate when she wants to birth her babies. But visual signals only work if they can be seen. In the forest that most gorillas and apes live in, auditory and visual calls are a muc h more useful and powerful tool. Calls and vocalizations can also be changed through pitch, loudness, and duration, which means a vast list of messages can be transmitted through one ape to another. Alarm calls, territorial calls, food calls, personal identification calls, dominance calls, etc. these are the basic communication skills that animals need to successfully live in groups rather than be living on their own. But some developed more complex and specialized forms of auditory communication. Researchers and Specialists have spent years trying to learn how apes communicate and find out if they are able to learn human signals and language. In September of 1965 in West Africa the chimpanzee Washoe was born, and was one of the first apes to learn sign language as part of a research experiment on animal language acquisition. In the apes time on Earth, she learned exactly three hundred and fifty signs of communication. One day, one of Washoes caretakers who was pregnant missed work for a few months after she had an unfortunate miscarriage. Roger Fouts reviews the following situationPeople who should be there for her and arent are often given the cold shoulderher way of informing them that shes miffed at them. Washoe greeted Kat [Washoes caretaker] in just this way when she finally returned to work with the chimps. Kat made her apologies to Washoe, then decided to tell her the truth, signing MY BABY DIED. Washoe stared at her, then looked down. She finally peered into Kats eyes again and carefully signed CRY, touching her cheek and drawing her finger down the path a tear would make on a human (Chimpanzees dont shed tears). Also, when shown an image of herself, Washoe was asked what she saw and she signaled back Me, Washoe. This shows that apes are definitely capable of self-awareness. Another ape named Koko (born July 4, 1971) is a female gorilla born in the San Francisco Zoo known for learning a huge amount of signs, of a language that his caregiver Patterson calls gorilla sign language, or GSL. Kokos training began at the age of one, where she was exposed to human language, and by the time of her death, she understood over two thousand English words Koko is one of the few nonhuman animals that had pets. One year for Christmas Koko asked for a pet cat in 1983 so they gave her a lifelike toy cat, but Koko signed sad many times. So on her birthday in July 1984, she was able to choose a cat from a litter of abandoned kittens. Koko selected a gray cat and named him All Ball. According to Penny Patterson, Kokos owner, Koko cared for the kitten as if it was a baby gorilla, being very gentile and loving. Sadly, in December of 1984, All Ball escaped from Kokos cage, and was hit by a car. Later, Patterson said that when she signaled to Koko that All Ball had died, and Kok o signed Bad, sad, bad and Frown, cry, frown, sad. Recently, to celebrate her birthday in July 2015, Koko was presented another litter of kittens, Picking two of them, she named one Miss Black and one Miss Grey. These examples show that apes to can feel, and If we abuse apes, it goes against our human nature, because we know animals can feel pain and emotion to, and theres no good reasoning that this cant be law, yet not part of human rights. My argument is that we should always value the interest of humans over and above those of animals, which is why researching all animals- which can further medical advance and human knowledge is morally the best thing to do. Animal research could help to decide how smart monkeys really are, and how we should treat their kind as a whole. Based on Steven Wises research, it appears that animals such as apes possess certain cognitive abilities such as communication skills, attention, memory, judgement, problem solving, decision making, comprehension, etc., that make them smart enough to be free rather than in a cage at a zoo handled by humans to provide entertainment and big business. Steven Wise once said, For four thousand years, a thick and impenetrable legal wall has separated all human from all nonhuman animals. On one side, even the most trivial interests of a single species ours are jealously guarded. We have assigned ourselves, alone among the million animal species, the status of legal persons. On the other side of that wall lies the legal refuse of an entire kingdom, not just chimpanzees and bonobos but also gorillas, orangutans, and monkeys, dogs, elephants, and dolphins. They are legal things. Their most basic and fundamental interests their pains, their lives, their freedoms are intentionally ignored, often maliciously trampled, and routinely abused. Ancient philosophers claimed that all nonhuman animals had been designed and placed on this earth just for human beings. Ancient jurists declared that law had been created just for human beings. Although philosophy and science have long since recanted, the law has not. In conclusion, apes shouldnt have human rights, but they should be free and have rights of their own kind, made for their own kind, which should be bound by law, because they show several cases of self-awareness, communication skills, knowledge, attention, working memory, judgment, reasoning, problem solving and decision making, comprehension and production of language, etc. Several apes have shown these skills and though they may not be as smart as humans, they are smart enough and capable enough of living in their own society where they should be able to roam free instead of being shown off in a zoo or being sold as product Works Cited Barlow, Rich Something. Should Chimps Have the Rights of People? Bostonia. Rich Barlow, 19 Sept. 2013. Web. 07 Feb. 2017. OstlerKCL, Sophia. Should Monkeys Be Granted Human Rights? The Telegraph. Telegraph Media Group, n.d. Web. 07 Feb. 2017. Should Animals Have The Same Rights As People? Popular Science. N.p., n.d. Web. 07 Feb. 2017. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koko_(gorilla)#Koko.27s_pets Spearmint: Analgesic, Anti-Inflammatory and Antipyretic Spearmint: Analgesic, Anti-Inflammatory and Antipyretic Review: Yousuf, P. (2013). Analgesic, Anti-Inflammatory and Antipyretic Effect of Mentha spicata (Spearmint). British Journal of Pharmaceutical Research,3(4), 854-864. doi:10.9734/bjpr/2013/4640 Mentha spicata (Spearmint) is often used as an alternative treatment for inflammation, fever, and pain relief.   All of these problems can present symptoms such as cramps, headache, joint stiffness, and general aches and pains.   Inflammation, pain and fever can all be treated with over the counter drugs such as ibuprofen and acetaminophen, but these drugs can often have severe side effects if used long term.   Many essential oils have been used in aromatherapy and proven to be effective in treating pain relief, inflammation and fever.   The purpose of this study was to evaluate the analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic effect of Mentha spicata (spearmint). The test subjects for this study were young Swiss-Albino mice about 4-5 weeks in age with an average weight of 25-30 gm and adult Albino rats with an average weight of 100-130 gm.   The study was conducted at the animal house of the Department of Pharmacy, North Sough University, Bangladesh.   Subjects were kept for one week in standard housing at 25 degrees Celsius in order to adapt before testing proceeded.   Animals were also given standard food and water. Separate tests and methods were given for each of the items being looked at: anti-inflammation, fever and pain.   For the evaluation of anti-inflammatory effect, the method used was carrageenan induced rat paw edema.   This method induces acute swelling when a solution of carrageenan in saline is injected into the hind footpad of the subjects.   The rats were randomly divided into four groups, each with five animals.   Group I was the control group, and only given distilled water.   Group II was given Ketorolac (10mg/kg) as standard, and Groups III and IV were given the test sample at a dose of 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight respectively.   Thirty minutes after the oral administration of the test materials, 1% carrageenan was injected into the left hind paw of each animal.   The amount of paw edema was measured at  ½, 1, 2, 3, and 6 hours after administration.   For the evaluation of antipyretic (fever) activity, Brewers yeast-induced pyrexia was used.   Wister alb ino rats were selected, weighed and divided into three groups of five animals each.   All the test subjects were fasted 18 hours prior to experiment, but water was given.   Fever was induced by injecting 20 ml/kg of 20% aqueous suspension of Brewers yeast in saline below the nape of the neck.   Rectal temperature was taken immediately before and 18 hours after injection.   Prior to the experiment, the rats were maintained in separate cages for 7 days and the animals with approximately constant rectal temperature were selected for the study. Paracetamol (100 mg/kg) was used as standard drug for comparing the antipyretic action of extract. The extract at the doses of 500 mg/kg was administered intraperitoneally, one group was administered with paracetamol (100 mg/kg) control group was given 0.5 ml normal saline. The rectal temperature was measured at 1, 2 and 3 h after drug administration by using digital thermometer. Percentage reduction in rectal temperature was calculated b y considering the total fall in temperature to normal level.   Two methods of evaluation were used to test the analgesic effects.   The first was a hot plate test.   The temperature was regulated at 55 °  ± 1 °C. Mice were divided into four groups consisting of five animals in each group. The mice of each group were placed in the beaker (on the hot plate) in order to obtain its response to electrical heat induced pain. Licking of the paws or jumping out of the beaker was taken as an indicator of the animals response to heat-induced pain. The time for each mouse to lick its paws or jump out of the beaker was taken as reaction time (in seconds). Before treatment, the reaction time was taken once. Each of the test mice was treated with either distilled water (DW), Ketorolac (2.5 mg/kg of body weight) or methanol extract of Mentha spicata at the doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight orally. Thirty minutes after treatment, the reaction time of each group of mice were again e valuated five times individually in one hour intervals.   The second test administered was acetic acid induced writhing test.   Writhing test is a chemical method used to induce pain by injecting acetic acid into the mice.   The acetic acid was injected into the body cavity to create the pain sensation.   Ketorolac (10 mg/kg) was used as a standard. The plant extract was administered orally in two different doses (250 and 500 mg/kg body weight) to the Swiss Albino mice after an overnight fast. Test samples and vehicle were administered orally 30 minutes prior to intraperitoneal administration of 0.7% v/v acetic acid solution at 10 ml/kg body weight. Animals were kept individually under glass jar for observation. Each mouse of all groups were observed individually for counting the number of writhing they made in 5minutes beginning 5 minutes after the injection.   The number of writhes in each treated group was compared to that of a control group (Distilled water). The hot plate test produced significant analgesic effect when using the methanol extract of Mentha spicata.   The extract significantly increased the reaction time of the mice when exposed to the heat.   The writhing test showed significant analgesic results as well and was comparable to that of the standard (66.66%).   The Brewers yeast proved positive effects of fever, and the carrageenan-induced paw edema proved that Mentha spicata is effective in treating inflammation. The authors conclude that Mentha spicata proves to show significant analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties.   They state that further investigation is necessary to find the active component of the extract in order to confirm the action in the development of a potent analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic agent. This study is lacking in the amount of mice tested.   I would like to see a more wide range of subjects tested as well.   Although the number of mice tested is limited, the study is still of interest. First, all the results were in favor of the testing purposes.   This is interesting because it means that the medicinal properties are probably correct and would therefore be a good alternative to treating such ailments. And second, most people will at some point or another in their life suffer from pain, inflammation or fever.  Ã‚   This treatment would be a good alternative to medications that can have potential bad side effects and therefore reducing additional ailments and complications that need to be treated.   References Yousuf, P. (2013). Analgesic, Anti-Inflammatory and Antipyretic Effect of Mentha spicata (Spearmint). British Journal of Pharmaceutical Research,3(4), 854-864. doi:10.9734/bjpr/2013/4640

The Drummer Boy of Shiloh Essay -- Narrative, Informative

A narrative is specified to amuse, to attract, and grasp a reader’s attention. The types of narratives are fictitious, real or unification or both. However, they may consist of folk tale stories, mysteries, science fiction; romances, horror stories, adventure stories, fables, myths and legends, historical narratives, ballads, slice of life, and personal experience (â€Å"Narrative,† 2008). Therefore, narrative text has five shared elements. These are setting, characters, plot, theme, and vocabulary (â€Å"Narrative and Informational Text,† 2008). Narrative literature is originally written to communicate a story. Therefore, narrative literature that is written in an excellent way will have conflicts and can discuss shared aspects of human occurrence. The essay will concern information pertaining to narrative text. First the essay will discuss the definition of narrative literature. Second, the essay will consist of the advantages of narrative literature. Third, the disadvantages of narrative literature will also be discussed. Fourth, the essay will consist of five possible uses of narrative text in middle school language arts. There are several advantages to using narrative text in the middle school classroom environment. The first advantage is that the reader is entertained when reading narrative text. Second advantage involves narrative text attains and contains the interest of the reader. Third advantage consists of narrative text teaching or instructing the reader. Fourth advantage focuses on narrative text inconstant demeanor or social opinions of the reader. For example soap operas. The Bold and the Beautiful displayed in one of the episodes concerning homeless people and how their circumstances caused these individ... ...in history can increase the interest of students by helping students to understand that history has human perspectives and a more individual meaning. Also short stories can help students interpret history more plainly. Therefore, the teacher can use short stories to help students iterate reading and writing skills. Short stories can enrich a history teacher classroom and make learning history more pleasant and significant for students. An example of one of the short stories associated to the Civil War period is â€Å"The Drummer Boy of Shiloh by Ray Bradbury. This short story distinctly obtains the human passions and agitation during the Civil War period and it also deals with actual history in human details. Therefore, â€Å"The Drummer Boy of Shiloh helps the reader interpret what it was like to be in the Civil War period in American history (White, 1993).

Augustus: Establishment of the Principate

Establishment of the Principate: Booklet 1 Impact of the death of Caesar Government of Rome, under the republic: ?Senate governed Rome ?Corsus Honorum- political ladder of offices Consul > Praetor > Political offices voted for by public Aedile > Quaestor > Army services- 10 years Impact on Octavian: †¢Treated him like a son, groomed him as heir, military experience †¢Danger to O after death, assassinated for his dictatorial behaviour †¢When he found out, he didn’t go to Rome straight away (danger) wen to Italy †¢In will, O had been named heir A. H. M jones- no danger to Oct only wanted to rid Rome of Caesar †¢Return to Rome for inheritance †¢Reinforced position by raising two legions (5000 each)- veterans of retired Caesar, loyalty and closeness. Needs to match to C and show why C made him heir (prove himself) †¢We don’t know how he was feeling, but though that ‘a furious hatred for the murderers of his beloved†¦ great uncle ’. When he was heir must have a duty of vengeance †¢Felt robbed of the hopes of a career under C patronage As Caesar’s son he commanded support from soldiers and veterans †¢Frosty reception from Antony, who denied access to C fortune. O borrowed money to pay off C bequest to the Roman people and celebrate games > increase pop. †¢Filial piety = loyalty to father, family and ancestors †¢The games coinage with image of comet which confirms Caesar’s divine status > made Oct ‘divus filius’ > son of god Impact on Rome: †¢Upset, C was pop by Rome †¢Initially calm, C assassins expected normal government to resume. Antony and Marcus Lepidus remained untouched †¢Assassins perceived him as dictator and threat to republic.After Rome was sent into turmoil for murdered, who had no future plans and though death would lead to restorations of the republic †¢David Shotter- meant little more than the nobility would be free to re sume their self- indulgent lifestyle †¢Left a power vacuum in Rome †¢Political support- situation was unstable one side there were the supporters of the conspirators against Caesar, on the other side there were Caesar’s men (M+A) who had the people and the majority of the tribunes behind them. †¢The question remained- what was to be done about murderers of Julius Caesar? Early Career of Octavian: Gaius Octavian was born on the 24th September 63BC into a wealthy and respected family †¢Mother Atia, niece of Julius Caesar †¢She later married th aristocratic L. Marcius Philippus who proved to be a good step father to Oct providing the young boy with a solid if rather old-fashioned education †¢When 11 he gave a speech at his grandmother’s, Julia, funeral †¢Caesar was impressed with the boy’s abilities had him elected to the college of pontiffs and allowed him to take part in his African triumph when Oct was only 16 †¢He was a d edicated boy who suffered bouts of illness throughout his life. Sickness prevented him from going to Spain in 46, accompanying Caesar †¢Although he soon followed even though still not feeling well †¢Caesar was impressed and was from then made his will in favour of Oct †¢In preparation of his planning for the campaign against the Parthians, Caesar appointed Oct to his staff and sent him to Macedonia to complete his education and also receive military training †¢O took with him a friend, Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa, who until his death in 12BC was to remain O’s loyal friend and supporter Oct attempts to secure is inheritance: †¢Didn’t know that he was heir until returning from Italy †¢Parents suggested that he shouldn’t accept but he not only accepted, but changed hi name to Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus †¢He now had to aims: Avenge his father’s death Prove himself worthy of such a father †¢As he moved around Italy, C v eterans and friends welcomed him – he would have to be cautious to meet his ends †¢Cicero did not trust him, he wrote in a letter to Atticus; â€Å"†¦ there are too many around him.They threatened death to our friends and call the present state of affairs intolerable† †¢O received a cold and hostile welcome from his father’s friend Marc Antony when he arrived †¢Antony blocked O attempt to have his adoption legalised and would not hand over Caesar’s money †¢Oct borrowed money in order to honour father’s legacy > gained him pop. and has games at his own expense †¢Antony probably didn’t perceive O as a serious political rival – Jones Octavian’s temporary collaboration with the Republicans: †¢Two broad categories: republicans and CaesariansRepublicans: Brutus and Cassius > left for the east to raise troops, Cicero > returned to R to lead the senate against Antony Caesarians: Antony> laid a siege t o Brutus at Mutina, Oc > rebuffed by Antony, appealed to Caesar’s veterans and seduced 2 of Antony’s legions †¢43BC Cicero decided to use Oct for a republican cause > in doing so speaks favourably of him †¢Raising an army like O did was illegal, however Cicero decided to look past this Oct first consulship: †¢Defeated A in Gaul he was now an enemy (with republicans) †¢Senate tried to discard Oct O realised that now the republicans were in command, his fathers murderers that he would have to take vengeance †¢He was consulship so that allowed him to gain leading position of the Caesarion party †¢Senate and Cicero continued to reject O demands > used 400 centurions to march to Gaul and demand that their commander be given the consulship †¢When this was resisted, O marched with Rome’s legions †¢He was elected in 43BC with his cousin Quintus Pedius they revoked the decree outlawing Antony and legalised the adoption †¢Oct h ad achieved his immediate objectives Now planned to meet B+C in battle The Second Triumvirate: Members: Antony, Lepidus, Octavian Five years- length of appointment Purpose of alliance: to set the state in order and to attack the republican armies of B+C in the east Power of T: Absolute- pwers of a dictator without the name The right to nominate all magistrates in advance Territory controlled: A- Transalpine & Cisalpine Gaul, L-Narbonese Gaul & Spain, O- Africa, Sicily & Sardinia First task undertaken: campaign of proscription ?Purpose? Confiscate estates in order to have money and land for the troops ? Destroy their enemies ?Results? ?Death of 300 senators ?Inc. death of Cicero ?Escape republicans Further activities: Julius Caesar fully deified, Lepidus appointed consul for 42, preparations made for A+O to face B+C in Macedonia Civil War: Battle of Philippi, 42BC: †¢After proscriptions, a campaign made to avenge murder †¢The Caesarion faction finally completes the avenging of the murder of Caesar †¢Faction found itself in control of 60 legions Path to Civil War: At first it seemed that A to control of the east. = rich in resources †¢O received Italy (heart of the empire) †¢Sextus based in Sicily Interfered with the trading in Italy – grain supplies and refuge for opponents of the the T. †¢Defeted Lucius Antonius, 41BC and Sextus Pompeius, 36BC †¢Make an example of his control †¢Argued that A was succumbing in relationship with his mistress Cleopatra †¢Republicans taken refuge with S, allowed them to return to Italy Showed the Roman virtues(merciful) †¢Claimed credit for their rehabilitation Events provided material for O propaganda †¢Undesirability of the union- A and chief victim was A wife and O’s sister, Octavia †¢Shotter says that O’s marriage to Livia Drusilla was â€Å"one of the most important decisions of his life† †¢Oct, leader of Caesarion faction was now the Champion of the republicans †¢The west were being prepared for a war that was not portrayed as the civil war Battle of Actium- Consequences and Significance: Significance: -O was now supreme ruler of the Roman world -Egypt added to a new province of the Roman Empire Wealth was added -Victories lead the civil wars to a decisive end -29BC O closed the doors of the Temple of Janus in Rome > new era of peace was brought to the empire Source 1- coin: †¢Proclaiming E has been taken †¢Croc means that -Creation of financial stability -No acceptance of exceptional honurs or powers -Use of propaganda to promote a new era of peace -No vengeance in the form of proscriptions exacted against enemies -Emphasis on interest in traditional and conservative activities -Provision of diversions and employment for the people

Human Behavior in the Organization in Global Perspective Essay

â€Å"Does other theories developed by the foreign managerial experts are applicable in the Philippines Settings?† Human behavior in the organization had these so many theories that are developed in order to help managers and leaders utilize human individual efforts exerted to actualize goals and future desired state of the organization or company. With this, human behavior in the organization is not only limited to those countries that had developed some effective and well proven theories, it is also the basis of the other countries having trouble in managerial process of handling individual differences. So, a global sharing and giving information about the theories was executed in order to help those undeveloped countries in terms of economic status whereby, it is believed that with these theories, it could be the key for a undeveloped country to attain desired economic status. Undeveloped countries may also be pertain to the countries trying to be in the middle class countries where there is an observed desired for knowledge and information on how to make managerial skills of the persons who are in the authority to be developed or enhance. Philippines is one of those countries who is indeed, in need of these information, but the question is – â€Å"does these theories truly fit or suit here in the Philippines?† Theories are basically the systematic grouping of interdependent concepts and principles that gives a framework to a significant area of knowledge. While in designing an effective organizational structure, there are a number of principles and concepts that are interrelated and that have a predictive value for managers. The importance of theory is to provide a means of classifying significant and pertinent management information and knowledge. Theories constitute the belief system and management orientations that, consequently, affect the organization. With this, the Filipino managers and leaders had a hard time to formulate an effective pattern of processes and procedures based on the theories of other countries. It been observed that an individual’s needs are the main characters that plays the biggest role on the motivating and moving people to exert their efforts on the job. speaking of motivation, Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is one of the famous and had been said to be effective on the companies and international organizations. Well, here in the Philippines, it is also observed but, it is not been fully utilized and understand by those who manages the Philippines System today. Just to illustrate, the first stage on the hierarchy of needs is the physiological needs that indicate the basic needs for sustaining life such as food, water, air, and shelter. This stage is being given full attention by Filipinos, because as part of our culture, we tend to give everything just to make sure the survival of our family members and also, we tend to extend it as giving everything that would make us feel comfortable as we live our lives. The second stage is the security needs, where it is the stage of which indicates the needs to be free from any danger, loss of job, and deprivation. The Philippine society, especial on those places where crimes are rampant, individuals are in full alert to avoid danger. Also, we Filipinos give value to our jobs. As being observed, only few have their jobs so they do whatever it takes just to make sure that they will stay holding that job given to him or her. The third stage is the affiliation or acceptance needs which include the thought of us, as human being, are social. This stage discusses the value of an individual and it is recognize by his companions and superiors. In the Philippines, respect is well observed as to the organizational processes and procedures being done inside a certain organization. Meaningful inter-personal relation is one our strengths as Filipinos where we have the characteristics of helping others and respecting their personal decisions and acts. The other 2 stages are being observed on few people inside an organization where they had their own ways of fulfilling the first 3 needs introduced by Maslow in his Hierarchy of Needs. Maslow’s theory discusses an individual as to his or her birth, potentials are present. The potential for psychological growth and health is present in every person at birth. The theory targets the individual’s motivational factors that drive the individual to do well in his or her particular job. Filipinos, are more likely the persons who are being motivated by social acceptance and love. Filipinos are fan of relating their own experiences and letting their companions feel that he, who is relating his life to the organization’s condition, trust his companions and seeking for understanding and acceptance to them. Another theory is the Skinner Operant Theory that indicates the human needs are the determinant to human behavior. Burrhaus Frederick Skinner. He believed that â€Å"the environment determines the individual behavior event if he alters the environment.† The workers can be motivated by properly creating the work environment and providing rewards or stimulus for desirable worker’s performance. It is the external environment that influences the behavior people exhibit rather than their external needs, wants, and desires. In this theory, rewards or any positive reinforces of a certain behavior are found to be more powerful than the negative and neutral reinforces, even if both sets of reinforces may be used. Since the Philippines is composed of various kinds of ethnic groups, cultural mores, dialects, regional peculiarities, religious beliefs and value system, it is difficult to say what kind of behavioral style or attitudinal orientation will best fit the prevailing environment of a Filipino organization. Culture really made innovative measures of managers difficult to prosper here in the Philippines where it should be done as it is being highly needed by the different Philippine organizations. Culture is being the hindrance of globalization especially in terms of process that may affect the human work behavior that will produce unnecessary organizational behavior. Globally accepted processes and behavioral patterns are considered to be unnecessary to adopt by the Filipino managers and leader whereby they take as infestation of our customs. Filipino traditional approach on motivating their subordinates as to which, they attack from the heart. Give importance to the things that an individual’s want and love. Also, Filipinos managers must know the abilities and capabilities of a certain work group in order for him or her to maximize the skills of the individual inside that work group. Dealing with the problems that can be a hindrance to productiveness of an individual is one thing that manager must do in order for him or her to gain respect and gain recognition of his or her efforts as the manager. Filipinos managers must show their interest to hear and take some actions regarding the problems and issues raised by the formal or informal work groups. Touching the atmosphere of work environment that the subordinates are experiencing every single day is one of the examples of making sure that you are to understand the work behavior of a specific group of subordinates in the organization. A single interest could be one of the factors why a specific group is formed. With this, the management should know about that interest and then convert it into a motivational form and introduced it to the subordinate in able for the management to get the attention of that work group and then you start on making some developing steps in order for that group to be productive. Motivation is the driving force that pushes an individual to perform acts towards the execution of his or her job. Work group is very essential for it could be the greatest factor of organizations productivity. The actions towards the job compromise the behaviors that are innate to the workers. Managers are bound to create motivational plans for every each one of his or her subordinates. Motivations are defined by needs. Effective work group is not just about the productivity itself, it is also about the development each member of the group by attaining their individual’s goals and aspirations. Managements are bound to define the motivational factors of a work group in order to respond on their needs that will result to the expected productivity. Management productivity is defined as the ratio of inputs and outputs of the managerial process being done. The management who knows how a person works and what is the forces that keeps him on doing a good job performance is a good management. Work group behaviors should be a right shape in order to classify these behaviors as effective. Making some efforts of redirecting behaviors that are essential and not properly used by the person will definitely help you to lead the work group into success. Organizational theory affirms that motivation is a matter of organizing jobs according to prevalent needs as related to situation, which if properly carried out results in efficient job structure and consequent favorable job attitudes. Theories from foreign lands are just the basis of what we have now the Filipino Management where inter-personal relationship and humanitarian way treating subordinates are the main focus. The relationship of people within the organization, the feelings people have about the structure they placed to work in, and the input of these feelings on their work are of outmost importance. With this, the manager should make adjustment on giving the subordinates motivations that can lead to effective work group behavior. Formulating our own way to management our own working potentials, environment, motivational factors and conditions will surely make us realize and actualized desired goals, our own goals as Filipinos.